Counseling Brazilian Undergraduate Students: 17 Years of a Campus Mental Health Service

Objective: The authors reviewed demographic and clinical characteristics of undergraduates at a Brazilian public university (UNICAMP) who visited the campus mental health service (SAPPE) and compared their demographics with those from all undergraduate students enrolled in the university. Participants: The authors looked at data from all undergraduates who sought counseling or mental health care at SAPPE over a 17-year period (N = 2,203; 1987-2004). Methods: They obtained this information from clinical charts and a UNICAMP database. Results: Women, students from other Brazilian states, students living in the campus residence hall, and students whose main source of income was a scholarship were overrepresented. Female student-clients complained about family conflicts more frequently than did their male counterparts, and male student-clients reported concern about poor academic performance more frequently than did their female counterparts. Conclusions: Sex, living in a university residential facility, and reliance on a scholarship grant were predictive of undergraduates' mental health-seeking behavior and pattern of complaints.     

Correlates of depression in self-neglecting older adults: A cross-sectional study examining the role of alcohol abuse and pain in increasing vulnerability

ABSTRACT

Self-neglect among older adults results in increased morbidity and mortality rates. Depression is strongly linked to self-neglect and when untreated, severely complicates management of health and functional outcomes. The study aims to identify factors correlated with depression to inform approaches to service recruitment and retention that improve long-term outcomes. The sample included urban community-dwelling older adults (n = 96) 65 years of age and older with Adult Protective Services-substantiated self-neglect. All participants completed a range of validated cognitive, functional, and self-report demographic and clinical measures around health and mental health functioning. A secondary data analysis using multivariable logistic regression revealed that a positive screen for alcohol abuse, low self-rated health, and higher self-reported pain were associated with significantly higher odds of self-reported depression. Further research is needed to understand the temporality between these correlates and depression and to inform prevention and intervention practices for self-neglecting older adults.     

Access Barriers to Mental Health Services for Older Adults from Diverse Populations: Perspectives of Leaders in Mental Health and Aging

This project is based on the results of telephone surveys with 52 local, state, and national informed respondents including policymakers, county leaders, planners, and advocates in mental health and aging with a particular focus on the states of California and Florida. This article addresses challenges to access to mental health services for diverse older adults including barriers related to race and ethnicity, socioeconomic status, location, age, gender, immigrant status, language, sexual orientation, and diagnosis. The article also highlights broad themes that emerged including (1) the importance of outreach and transportation tailored to diverse elders, and (2) recruitment of diverse staff and training related to diversity. The article concludes with policy and practice recommendations to reduce these disparities in access to mental health services for diverse populations of older adults.     

Older Women's Perceptions of Elder Maltreatment and Ethical Dilemmas in Adult Protective Services: A Cross-Cultural,Exploratory Study

In this study, older African American, Latina, and Caucasian women from varying socioeconomic backgrounds participated in eight focus groups that examined their perceptions of elder maltreatment and three ethical dilemmas within adult protective service work: mandatory reporting, involuntary protective services, and criminalization of elder maltreatment. Participants espoused a broad and inclusive view of elder maltreatment. In responding to illustrative case scenarios, participants strongly favored protection over freedom by supporting mandatory reporting and involuntary protective services. Criminalization of elder maltreatment also was supported. This article presents results of each scenario and broad themes across the study, with attention paid to areas of consistency and difference across ethnicity and socioeconomic categories.     

Implications of Welfare Reform on the Elderly

Abstract

Whereas many studies of welfare reform have focused on effects on children and families, little research has examined the implications of welfare reform for the elderly. This case study incorporates interviews with service providers for the aging, members of advocacy organizations, and two focus groups of older consumers conducted in the multi-ethnic urban community of San Francisco. Study findings suggest that welfare reform has had both direct and indirect effects on the elderly and their services in the study community. Direct effects derive primarily from changes in the welfare reform legislation that had the effect of undermining both immigrants' eligibility for and claiming of public assistance benefits. Indirect effects on older persons include increased child-care demands upon grandparents. The case study data bear on a significant policy change within the broader trend of devolution at a historical point when anti-immigrant sentiment in the United States was running high.     

Responding to Self‐harm: A documentary Analysis of Agency Policy and Procedure

This paper reports on the findings of a documentary analysis of policies and procedures relating to self‐harm from a range of organisations working with young people in the UK. It identifies the extent to which policies and/or procedures relating to self‐harm are available for service providers and offers a wider understanding of the concepts of self‐harm and approaches to helping as incorporated into service guidance and delivery. It highlights the prevalence of self‐harming behaviours in a climate of stigma and the need to define appropriate and supportive agency responses from a trained staff that is both sensitive and individualised.     

汉语家具词造词理据探析——以《现代汉语词典》（第6版）收录的家具词为例

单音节家具类词汇的命名主要是着眼于家具的材质及其形状特点,多音节家具类词汇在命名时,材质仅作为很小的一部分因素,而更重视家具的功能、材质、摆放位置等,在命名时也多采取特征语素加类属语素的方式。这种命名规律体现了附注造词法在现代汉语词汇形成中的作用,在形式上,可以使新词更加整齐,成系统;在意义上,也便于人们理解和运用。     

论《现汉》标枙书枛词语读音向普通话读音靠拢的倾向性

《现汉》收录了很多标枙书枛的词语,它表示古书面上的文言词语及其读音,这些词语的读音在现实语言生活中具有很强的普通话读音的倾向,这些标枙书枛的词语读音在专业大学生中进行调查的结果也呈现出这种倾向性.对古书面上的文言词语的读音,没有必要“因袭古注”.在修订《现汉》时,要尽量减少这类词语的收录及注音,尤其是对某些古书面文言词语读音存在的同时还有现代汉语普通话读音存在的词语,注音时宜取普通话的读音或折合成普通话读音,尽量使其读音向普通话读音靠拢,从而减少误读,减轻学习普通话的负担和方便汉语国际推广.     

“三年之丧”与“孔子复礼”

西周初年周公制礼作乐,而行至孔子所在的春秋末年,已然是礼崩乐坏.孔子欲借助“三年之丧”所独具的双重功效,由孝而仁,由仁而礼,由礼而和,所以“三年之丧”成为了“孔子复礼”的新宠,被提至到“古今天下之通丧”的高度.孔子的宣传,为“三年之丧”在后世由礼入法提供了理论依据,为弟子为师心丧三年提供了契机,为后世孝道、仁政和尊师重教的传统奠定了基石.