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381.
The Anamnestic Comparative Self Assessment (ACSA) measure of subjective well-being (SWB) aims to reduce the problems of cultural
bias and relativity to external standards by allowing people to define the endpoints or ‘anchors’ of the measurement scale.
In medical terminology anamnestic denotes ‘based on memory’. The ACSA uses subjects’ memories of the best and worst periods
in their lives to define the anchors of the scale. They then assess their current quality of life relative to these personal
anchors. The South African pilot study tested the match between self-assessment of SWB with ACSA and the conventional single-item
measures of life satisfaction and happiness used in the South African Quality of Life Trends Study and analysed the narratives
of the best and worst times of life. The quota sample of 46 consisted of 26 residents of Makana district in the Eastern Cape
Province, South Africa, and 20 patients undergoing treatment in the local TB hospital. Mean SWB ratings with all three measures
of life satisfaction, happiness and ACSA were between 5 and 6 on a 0–10-point scale. Ratings on all three scales were positively
correlated. However, on ACSA the TB patients rated their current SWB 1.84 points lower than the community respondents, suggesting
a greater sensitivity of this measure. It was observed that the starting points of the life stories produced by respondents
to define the anchor periods for ACSA were related to their current assessment of SWB. A typology was developed that combined
the starting point of the life stories with current SWB. The majority of community respondents matched the ‘Achiever’ type
who scored positively on ACSA (i.e., above the mid-point of the scale) and whose life stories started with the worst period
of their lives and proceeded to the best period. The TB patients were the only respondents to represent the ‘Survivor’ type
whose morale had recovered after misfortune in life. ‘Survivors’ started their narratives with the best period in their lives,
then moved to the worst (often health-related) one, and gave positive ACSA ratings. Based on the qualitative analysis of narratives,
it is concluded that ACSA is a sensitive measurement instrument and therefore particularly useful for monitoring the effects
of treatments and social interventions in longitudinal studies. However, further research is required to verify its cross-cultural
validity.
相似文献
Jan BernheimEmail: |
382.
A Model of Quality of College Life (QCL) of Students in Korea 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This study develops and tests a model of quality of college life (QCL) of students in Korea. In this study, QCL of students
is conceptualized in terms of needs satisfaction and affect balance. It has been hypothesized that satisfaction with education
services, administrative services, and facilities have a significant impact on QCL, which in turn positively influences identification,
positive word of mouth, and overall quality of life. The results of a survey on 228 Korean college students largely support
the model. Managerial and policy implications are discussed. 相似文献
383.
当前我国的融资收缩及应对政策 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
融资是现代经济运转的必要条件。近年来 ,我国经济运行中出现融资收缩。这是生产能力阶段性过剩和微观机制变化的综合反映 ,主流是健康的 ,但也有负面影响。自 1998年以来我国出台的多项政策措施具有明显的克服融资收缩负面效应的特点 ,效果是好的。未来一些年份 ,我们应围绕经济体制和经济增长方式“双转变”安排宏观经济调控 ,既保证经济的较快增长 ,又不能失之过松。从短期考虑 ,一要保持较大的国债发行力度 ,二要处理好防范金融风险和增加贷款的关系 ;从长期考虑 ,则应顺应形势发展 ,搞好财政、金融改革 ,积极发展金融市场 相似文献
384.
日本“江户锁国论”质疑 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
赵德宇 《南开学报(哲学社会科学版)》2001,(4):49-56
“江户锁国论”在日本史学界流传已久 ,然而这种表述并不符合历史事实。江户幕府“锁国”的目标仅仅在于铲除危害其统治的天主教信仰。关于德川幕府的禁书政策是“锁国体制”下全面抵制西洋文化的重要一环的说法也是一种误解。历史事实是 ,在江户时代 ,除与天主教有关的汉译西书 4 8种之外 ,有关西方的书籍大量流入日本 ,从而促发了日本人学习西方近代科学和社会思想的兰学运动。江户时代 ,除抵制天主教之外 ,不但没有割断与世界的联系 ,而且吸收了大量的西方近代文化。“江户锁国论”的传统认识影响了人们对江户时代整体评价的客观性 相似文献
385.
386.
Jacinta Bronte‐Tinkew Allison Horowitz Mindy E Scott 《Journal of marriage and the family》2009,71(3):608-631
The claim that multiple partner fertility may pose a risk of adverse outcomes for children has not been tested. We test this argument using a sample of 4,027 resident fathers and children from the Fragile Families and Child Well‐being Survey by examining the pathways through which fathers' multipartnered fertility is associated with children's externalizing behaviors and physical health status at 36 months. Path analyses indicate that multiple partner fertility exerted both a significant direct and indirect effect through paternal depression to influence children's externalizing behaviors. Fathers' multiple partner fertility also exerted a significant indirect effect through one mediator—father involvement—to influence children's physical health. This evidence suggests that the disruptions brought about by multipartnered fertility are important for understanding child well‐being. 相似文献
387.
Professional Women, Good Families: Respectable Femininity and the Cultural Politics of a “New” India
Smitha Radhakrishnan 《Qualitative sociology》2009,32(2):195-212
This study of professional software women in urban India examines practices of respectable femininity and discourses of the
Indian family to understand the changing and abiding aspects of a seemingly new national culture. Colonial and nationalist
constructs of the Indian home, and the middle-class women who protected that home, continue to powerfully shape everyday articulations
of national belonging, even as they are transformed through individual negotiations and a global economy. Drawing from extensive
interviews and ethnographic work, this paper analyzes the interplay of gender, class, and nation in contemporary urban India
as individualized, gendered efforts to accumulate symbolic capital.
Smitha Radhakrishnan is Assistant Professor of Sociology at Wellesley College in Wellesley, MA. Her current work examines the culture of a transnational Indian middle class, drawing on multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork with IT professionals in Mumbai and Bangalore, with comparative pieces in South Africa and the Silicon Valley. Previously, she has studied the emergence of minority political and cultural identity in the context of post-apartheid South Africa. Her publications have appeared in journals such as Theory and Society, Gender and Society, and Feminist Studies. 相似文献
Smitha RadhakrishnanEmail: |
Smitha Radhakrishnan is Assistant Professor of Sociology at Wellesley College in Wellesley, MA. Her current work examines the culture of a transnational Indian middle class, drawing on multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork with IT professionals in Mumbai and Bangalore, with comparative pieces in South Africa and the Silicon Valley. Previously, she has studied the emergence of minority political and cultural identity in the context of post-apartheid South Africa. Her publications have appeared in journals such as Theory and Society, Gender and Society, and Feminist Studies. 相似文献
388.
Amid the rise of democratization movements since the 1980s, many governments in developing countries have proactively introduced the ideas of decentralization and devolution into the policy arena. In the pursuit of democratic planning processes where civil society is encouraged to be a part of the formal decision-making system, articles advocating the empowerment of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have been included into a series of legislations. This shift was soon reflected in housing development frameworks for the poor, leading to the formulation of a new approach called "enablement." The Philippines' experience for the last two decades follows this line of development. Filipino NGOs are now prescribed as a catalyst to add further dynamism to the improvement of substandard living environments. Empirical findings of this study exemplify that NGO empowerment has been increasingly accelerated by the combination of NGOs' self-endeavors and governments' initiatives. By utilizing the paradigm shift under the enablement approach, NGOs are engaged in the attempt of alliance-formation and network-building to expand their influence. Contrary to ideals, however, NGO empowerment may reveal some adverse effects such as excessive dependency on NGOs and distorted representation by NGOs. Moreover, the professionalization of NGOs is an additional factor which generates hierarchization at the grass-roots level. This study suggests that further research analyze the depth and width to which NGO empowerment has been penetrated in order to precisely capture the processes and consequences resulting in disempowerment. 相似文献
389.
The positive association between moderate alcohol consumption and wages is well documented in the economic literature. Positive
health effects as well as networking mechanisms serve as explanations for the “alcohol–income puzzle.” Using individual-based
microdata from the SOEP for 2006, we confirm that this relationship exists for Germany as well. More importantly, we shed
light on the alcohol–income puzzle by analyzing, for the first time, the association between beverage-specific drinking behavior
and wages. In our analysis, we disentangle the general wage effect of drinking into diverse effects for different types of
drinkers. Mincerian estimates reveal significant and positive relationships between wine drinkers and wages as well as between
multiple beverage drinkers and wages. When splitting the sample into age groups, the “drinking gain” disappears for employees
under the age of 35 and increases in size and significance for higher age groups. We also find a “beer gain” for the oldest
age group and male residents of rural areas as well as a “cocktail gain” for residents of urban areas. Several explanations
for our empirical results are discussed in view of the likelihood that the alcohol–income puzzle is a multicausal phenomenon.
相似文献
Markus M. GrabkaEmail: |
390.
The expansion of the organic sector in Brazil is seen as a leverage for the social emancipation of the small family farmers. Next to the traditional alternatives circuits of organic food and farming, new powerful capitalistic actors, such as supermarket chains, are rapidly entering the Brazilian organic arena. Can family farming benefit from the development of these “conventional” commercialisation circuits in the organic sector? Research undertaken in 2007, in a green belt rural community of São Paulo, shows how family farmers may have benefited from the implication of large retail chains in the organic sector and how an economically and ecologically outstanding agriculture may arise from these circumstances. However, we highlight the crucial role played by social regulation: only strong solidarity between farmers and the implication of technicians, militants and researchers in the process made it possible to counter the negative effects of the liberal logic governing the development of organic farming via the major retailers. Still, as tougher competition is expected on the regional organic market, the development of short supply chains involving “committed” consumers and the broader integration of the local farmers in networks of organic militancy appear crucial. It would guarantee a continuous enhancement of the local human and social capital, reinforce an emerging process of internal conversion and allow for a stronger social regulation of the future local development pattern. 相似文献