超大城市土地优化配置中的人口问题初探——以广州市为例

文章首先指出超大城市日益严重的土地资源短缺迫切要求城市土地的优化配置,然后以广州为例,具体阐述了在超大城市的土地优化配置中要如何重视与人口分布、管理的协调.     

实现我国土地资源优化配置中的两难问题

土地是我国经济社会发展过程中的重要战略资源,土地资源的优化配置是实现我国土地资源节约利用和可持续发展的前提条件。在实现土地资源优化配置过程中,无论从国家政策制定角度,还是从地方政府和农民的利益角度来分析,都存在着一系列两难问题。我们要遵循科学规律,通过调整相关的土地利益分配来化解这些两难问题,从而实现土地资源的合理配置和利用。     

经济活动空间聚集的内生机制与区域协调发展的战略选项

因主流经济学本身的缺陷以及传统研究把握区域本质方面的局限性,至今在把握实现协调发展机制方面仍存在欠缺。基于现实的块状经济和循环累积因果机制的角度,本文提出了要实现区域协调发展必须打破不断强化发达地区区位优势的循环累积因果机制,而要打破这种循环累积机制,则要降低发达地区和欠发达地区之间的一体化程度,必须在发达地区和欠发达地区之间设立一定的政策梯度的主张。而要实现区域协调发展,在欠发达地区则应实行有别于发达地区的政策。     

论孙中山晚年农民土地思想——以共产国际和苏共的解密档案为中心

苏联解体后解密的共产国际、联共(布)与中国革命档案资料在相当程度上反映了孙中山的农民土地思想,是研究孙中山农民土地思想的重要视角。档案显示:孙中山晚年认为农民是中国革命的基础,但农民尚没有很好的组织和力量,难以对抗地主民团。孙中山也完全不同意共产国际提出的"分配地主土地给农民"的激进土地革命政策,而是坚持以税收和赎买来消除土地占有和土地使用中的不公正现象。     

Anachronism,Agency, and the Contextualisation of Adat: Van Vollenhoven’s Analyses in Light of Struggles Over Resources

This article discusses the conceptual and analytical contributions of the Dutch scholar Cornelis van Vollenhoven to the study of Indonesian adat law. He argued from a politically inspired concern about gross colonial exploitation in the Dutch East Indies that this was based on flawed understandings of local legal orders. This stimulated him to design a conceptual framework to capture the characteristics of these legal orders, called adat law. His perceptiveness to the distortions caused by using Western legal concepts to describe customary laws was unique for the time, and so was his attention to the various contexts other than in disputes in which adat law was used. This renders his work of importance not only for lawyers but also for social scientists. The article discusses the criticism against his academic work and suggests that despite some major weaknesses, some criticisms are anachronistic as they concerned earlier or later scholars rather than the work of van Vollenhoven himself. The article shows how debates about indigenous rights and the decentralisation policies after the fall of the Soeharto regime have stimulated a renewed interest in adat and adat law. It is argued that van Vollenhoven’s conceptual framework is still of use, but only if it is expanded and set into a broader analysis of migration, exploitation, and power relations.     

Institutional Activism: Seeking Customary Forest Rights Recognition from Within the Indonesian State

This article aims to explain why the adat movement activists in Indonesia could expand their campaigns for state recognition of adat community rights to activities from within the state apparatus. We argue that three combined processes have contributed to the conjuncture that made institutional activism possible: the preparation of the 2014 national election offered activists opportunities to influence the government agenda; the emergence of a conscious strategy for conducting institutional activism; and the coalitions between some key state officials and the movement’s actors. This article also analyses the problems that institutional activists faced, in particular resistance from influential actors at various government units who were not sympathetic to the adat movement’s agenda. Therefore, the impact of this activism on policy changes so far remains limited. The authors’ personal involvement in this case of institutional activism to promote customary forest provided access to the information for this article.     

宅基地使用权物权化探微

《物权法》的颁布确立了宅基地使用权的物权地位,但短短四条的法律条文并未体现出用益物权的应有权利。单一的住房保障价值取向在市场经济的冲击下,已不能满足农村生活的需要。对宅基地使用权物权化的讨论既要考虑其深刻的历史背景,反映宅基地使用权的福利属性;也要重视现实需求,突出宅基地使用权的财产属性。由于宅基地使用权兼具福利和财产双重属性,与传统物权法上的保障特定主体生存利益的人役权和提升土地资产效用的地上权具有相似之处,因此在体现福利属性的初始取得阶段,宅基地使用权应体现人役权特点,在之后的体现财产属性的流转及消灭阶段,应适用地上权规则。     

The politics of marginality in Wallowa County,Oregon: Contesting the production of landscapes of consumption

The state of Oregon’s (USA) land use planning framework has long been characterized by tensions between state and local authority, between traditionally-defined “urban” and “rural” concerns, and between the competing interests of various landowners. An examination of Wallowa County, Oregon’s implementation of House Bill 3326, a 2001 law giving counties the power to define certain agricultural lands as “marginal,” and therefore exempt from restrictions on subdivision and development, illustrates the ways in which these tensions become magnified as rural communities attempt to govern private land use in the context of rural restructuring. Implementation of HB3326 highlighted the tensions between landowners interested in capitalizing on development opportunities afforded by HB3326, neighboring producers concerned about interference from future amenity migrants, and existing amenity migrants with interests in protecting their rural idyll. Contestations over nonfarm development took place in the context of a strong agricultural community identity, concerns about the effects of economic restructuring on producers, and local resistance to the rural gentrification process. The process of defining marginality came to encompass not only technical issues of land productivity, but also broader community contestations over the continuation of traditional land uses and the legitimacy of various actors to govern private land.     

道家思想与女性主义的融合:“双性合体”的新境界——《黑暗的左手》评析

厄休拉·勒古恩在其科幻小说《黑暗的左手》中把"虚净无为"、"阴阳和谐"等道家思想的精髓和西方女性主义糅合在一起,构建了一个没有性别差异的世界,发展了"双性合体"理论,使其具备了中国传统文化的精神,拓展了此理论的文化内涵。     

农地流转、规模化进程中的农地制度创新研究

在目前农地制度的框架下,农业与非农产业的边际效益悬殊仅使农地流转成为可能,农地的流转收益低以及农地的保障功能较重严重地束缚着农地的流转,农地的规模化、产业化、现代化经营仍不可能得到实现。农地制度一定要重新安排。"股权农地+保障农地"的农地制度创新可提高农民农地的流转收益同时又能兼顾农地的保障功能,这样,农民流转农地的经济驱动力加强了,也没有了土地流转的后顾之忧,农地流转、农地规模化经营可顺利进行。