城市规划与可持续发展

本文介绍了可持续发展的定义及在城市规划中坚持可持续发展的必要性,并以水资源和土地资源的利用与保护为主讨论了在城市规划中如何实现可持续发展战略的问题。     

Maps,markets and Merlot: The making of an antipodean wine appellation

Rural places acquire value in different ways and geographers have adopted a range of approaches to understand the way value is created in land and place. This paper analyses the case of the Gimblett Gravels wine district in Hawke's Bay, New Zealand. This district has been transformed over the space of 20 years from a peri-urban wasteland to, now, one of the most sought-after and expensive winegrowing areas in the country. In this process of revaluation, several forces were evident. There was an economic–environmental process, by which grape growers and winemakers learned that the district possessed the ability to produce consistent harvests of high quality red grapes and, consequently, land was purchased at ever-increasing rates. There was then a deliberate attempt to ‘construct’ the Gimblett Gravels district in the market place, the result of concerted co-operative action by winegrowers in the district to promote the idea of a Gimblett Gravels terroir in a registered trademark. Finally, we can see that the revaluation of the district has also been related to the wider social acceptance of wine as a fashionable commodity. These processes have occurred in a virtual legislative vacuum in New Zealand regarding the protection and regulation of geographical indicators, though this may soon change. Thus, to understand the value of place, it is argued that we need a multi-faceted approach that incorporates environmental and economic processes alongside political regulation and social construction.     

富兰克林·罗斯福政府的土地资源保护政策述析

20世纪30年代,美国的土地资源,尤其是南部大平原经历着严重的生态危机。富兰克林·罗斯福出任总统后,在＂新政＂的旗帜和背景下,采取了一系列措施,来解决土壤侵蚀等问题。这些措施包括：对南部大平原进行科学调查,颁行土地资源保护法,成立专门的土地资源保护和管理机构,通过限产休耕和管制公共土地放牧活动等,颇有成效地保护和改善了美国的土地资源状况。土地资源保护是罗斯福＂新政＂的重要内容之一,它在美国资源保护史上占有突出的地位,有很多值得借鉴的创新之处。     

‘My land,your social transformation’: Conflicts within the landless people movement (MST), Rio de Janeiro,Brazil

The Brazilian Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem-Terra (MST) is one of the best-known and most prominent rural social movements. The unequal distribution of land in Brazil, and the neglect of this problem by successive Brazilian governments contributed greatly to the organisation of rural movements striving for the implementation of land reform in the country. The struggle for land therefore frames the MST collective action and legitimates its raison d’être as a social movement. The MST framing process, carried out mainly by the movement leaders and organisers, intends to unify the social movement by articulating private beliefs, interpretations and preferences into shared values and meanings. However, this process of framing does not take place without competition or/and conflict: leaders are many times forced to compete with other institutions, with the media, or even with inherited cultural understandings which provide alternative frames. This paper focuses particularly on the conflicting process of framing internal to the MST. More specifically, the present paper looks at how the MST leaders/organisers frame, and interpret, community and land differently from the MST settlers/followers whose lived experiences and inherited cultural understandings naturally informed their perceptions both on community and land.     

“吃人”命题的世纪苦旅——从鲁迅《狂人日记》到莫言《酒国》

莫言的《酒国》是在鲁迅传统及《狂人日记》的影响下创作的长篇小说,由于"吃人"主题的再现从而与《狂人日记》取得了某种精神对应。两篇小说中的"吃人"内涵同中有异。第一层面都指向真正的肉体"吃人"。第二层面是指向象征意义上的"吃人",《狂人日记》侧重于文化文明层面的批判,《酒国》侧重于现实政治层面的批判。两者的"吃人"都具有巨大的同化性与普适性,启蒙者形象被彻底解构,表现了改造"吃人"文化的艰难。两者都表达了对未来的焦虑和渴望。第三层面可作普遍的人类学意义上的理解。产生于20世纪的《狂人日记》和《酒国》体现的人道立场、启蒙态度、民主观念与批判精神,使之和古代的同类"吃人"题材的作品划上一道分水岭。     

集体土地产权制度改进的理论与实践的法律思考

分析了集体土地产权制度改进的理论基础、法律制度及相关的民事权利、契约关系,并提出以下构想:1、依权利属权源原则、1960年三级所有队为基础规定、资源部全国调查,集体土地产权主体为生产队;2、土地征收征用权、规划权属公权应制定行政法或特别法由中央统一行使;3、宅基地使用权具有继承性、永恒性、人身性和民族传统性,应另立法;4、物权法、合同法规范的民事权利,应完全、充分赋予平等主体权利,《农村土地承包法》应充实完善。     

土地利用总体规划问题探讨

在我国新一轮土地利用总体规划修编即将开始之际,着重从上一轮规划期内非法占用耕地、上一轮规划安排的建设用地不合理、耕地总量动态平衡等几个方面入手,针对上一轮规划存在的不足及问题进行分析和探讨。     

论古代金衢地区的土地开发及其利用

金衢地区位于浙江省中西部山区.该地区土地开发利用具有悠久的历史.本文按照不同的历史阶段,侧重探讨该地区古代土地开发利用的特点、影响因素及其规律.认为古代金衢地区土地开发利用是政治、经济、地理等因素综合影响的结果,表现为由东向西沿河谷平原次第渐进,由河谷平原向岗地丘陵、低山中山扩散的特点.     

社会主义中国化的早期形态--论孙中山三大政策的民生主义

孙中山“联俄、联共、扶助农工”三大政策的新三民主义是社会主义中国化的最早形态.联俄,走社会主义道路;联共,干社会主义事业;扶助农工,唤醒社会主义的力量.三大政策导致了孙中山革命实践与理论的三大转折把学习榜样从西方资本主义转向了东方的苏俄社会主义;把革命联合力量由大军阀、大资本家转向了中国共产党;把革命基本动力由资产阶级转向了工农民众.三大根本性转变使得孙中山的社会主义由主观变成现实.只有从孙中山三大政策的民生主义的时代特征与中国特点去理解与认识其社会主义,对孙中山晚年的评价才可能是客观和公允的.     

土地流转给农村基层民主带来的契机和挑战——以阶层结构为分析视角

土地问题是三农问题的核心,土地的流转在某种程度上促使着农村利益分配和重组,进而导致农村既有的阶层结构发生分化和重构。所以,土地流转已经或者说正在成为农村社会成员实现社会流动的一个阶梯,这一社会现象对农村基层民主有着不容忽视的影响。本文从历时态的角度分析土地流转对农村阶层结构重组的影响过程,并且借助阶层结构变化这一中间机制探讨土地流转对农村基层政治带来的契机和挑战。