汽车“二次碾压”的哲学反思

近年来,交通事故不断增多,其中最引人关注的是“二次碾压”。这一现象在社会上引起了激烈的讨论。从目前我国出现的“二次碾压”事故的现状入手,深入分析其产生的原因,提出解决问题的途径,以避免类似悲剧的重演。     

Assessing the effects of land use and land cover patterns on thermal conditions using landscape metrics in city of Indianapolis,United States

Direct applications of remote sensing thermal infrared (TIR) data in landscape ecological research are rare due to limitations in the sensors, calibration, and difficulty in interpretation. Currently there is a general lack of methodology for examining the relationship between land surface temperatures (LST) derived from TIR data and landscape patterns extracted from optical sensors. A separation of landscapes into values directly related to their scale and signature is a key step. In this study, a Landsat ETM+ image of Indianapolis, Unites States, acquired on June 22, 2000, was spectrally unmixed (using spectral mixture analysis, SMA) into fraction endmembers of green vegetation, soil, high albedo, and low albedo. Impervious surface was then computed from the high and low albedo images. A hybrid classification procedure was developed to classify the fraction images into seven land use and land cover (LULC) classes. Using the fractional images, the landscape composition and pattern were examined. Next, pixel-based LST measurements were correlated with the landscape fractional components to investigate LULC based relationships between LST and impervious surface and green vegetation fractions. An examination of the relationship between the LULC and LST maps with landscape metrics was finally conducted to deepen understanding of their interactions. Results indicate that SMA-derived fraction images were effective for quantifying the urban morphology and for providing reliable measurements of biophysical variables. LST was found to be positively correlated with impervious surface fraction but negatively correlated with green vegetation fraction. Each temperature zone was associated with a dominant LULC category. Further research should be directed to the theoretical and applied implications of describing such relationships between LULC patterns and urban thermal conditions.

驳精神损害赔偿限额论

精神损害赔偿的主要功能在于填补受害人因此而受到的损害,使其得到抚慰,以便能开始新生活。因此,精神损害赔偿应本着“全面赔偿损害”的原则,不能脱离实际人为地限定数额。     

对《合同法》第402条的再解读

从实体法角度来看,《合同法》第402条在法律适用上的漏洞,应以目的性扩张的方法完成漏洞之补充。其次,在仲裁程序中漏洞补充的实现也会遇到的一定的程序性障碍,应通过对仲裁规则的修改,达到解决这一问题的目的。     

试论利奥波德的大地伦理观

奥尔多.利奥波德的大地伦理学提出了共同体及其范围扩展、大地伦理学的内涵等观点。他从现代人类所面临的严重生态危机和环境问题入手,总结了关于大地伦理学的观点:改变狭隘的人类中心主义认知观念;树立全新的整体生态伦理观念;维护大自然的和谐共生;人类要关爱一切生命;倡导实际的长久的美丽。     

中国城市化进程中土地征用补偿边界分析

本文从失地农民的福利入手,分析了征地补偿的现实边界和理论边界。结果表明,政府垄断土地非农化市场严重低估了征地补偿标准,合理的征地补偿应该明晰失地农民的产权和引入市场竞争机制。     

Changing Indigeneity Politics in Indonesia: From Revival to Projects

Through the discourse of indigeneity, rural communities around the world are joining a global network of rural justice seekers. By articulating grievances collectively, they demand state recognition while seeking support from NGOs and international development organisations. In Indonesia, the manifestation of indigenous ‘adat’ politics is no longer confined to the national struggle for the recognition of land rights, but instead, has proliferated into many localised short term ‘adat projects’. This introduction to the TAPJA special issue on adat demonstrates that both the rural poor and local elites can be the initiators or recipients of these adat projects but, at the current juncture, the latter are better positioned to benefit from such projects. The special issue shows that in Indonesia, where adat is often firmly entrenched in the state, the promotion of indigeneity claims can work in contradictory ways. Findings from across the special issue show that adat projects tend to reinforce the power of the state, rather than challenging it.     

凉山州会东县农村土地流转现状及对策分析 ——基于调研数据的分析

土地流转是建设现代农业的基础工作,各地区的土地流转现状及推进方法相差甚大。通过对凉山州会东县土地流转规 模、流转方式、流转去向和流转用途等几个层面进行结构性分析,总结出会东县土地流转存在的问题,针对会东县土地流转的 特点提出了重视政府在土地流转中的重要作用、谨慎选择土地流转的形式、加快推进土地“确权”、土地流转需要有效结合当地 的主导产业、土地流转需要农业技术的支撑、土地流转需要依托农村经济组织平台、土地流转需要引入民营企业注资等土地流 转的对策。     

论宋代军人的优抚保障政策及影响

两宋时期政府对军队的优抚与保障事业高度重视,军队优抚主要有残疾者优抚、阵亡优抚和平时官兵死亡优抚等;宋代军人的保障主要包括军人裁汰的安置、军人的疾病与受伤救治和出征军人家属的安置等.宋代军人的优抚保障政策不仅提高了军队战斗力,而且在中国历史上产生了深远影响.     

我国跨行政区流域生态补偿机制研究 ——以淮河流域、太湖流域为例

流域生态补偿是利用经济手段对流域生态的外部性进行矫正的一种手段。政府强干预型与市场主导型的流域生态补偿机制都各有优缺点。当前,我国流域生态补偿存在法律机制尚不完善,水资源的产权模糊,补偿主体不明确,补偿方式单一,公民参与渠道不畅等困境。为构建高效的跨行政区流域生态补偿机制,必须制定专门性的流域生态补偿法律,充分发挥地方立法的自主性,健全流域生态补偿的法律体系;既要在近期充分发挥政府在流域生态补偿中的主导作用,又要在远期着眼于建立市场手段为主的流域生态补偿机制;拓宽公众参与途径,建立信息公开机制以及公众参与的经济激励机制,以提升流域生态补偿的制度认可度与制度效用。