Wald's “true index” derived ipso facto

This paper presents a direct algebraic demonstration of the formula of the "true index" of cost of living given by Wald (1939).     

Multicovariate-adjusted regression models

We introduce multicovariate-adjusted regression (MCAR), an adjustment method for regression analysis, where both the response (Y) and predictors (X ₁, …, X _p ) are not directly observed. The available data have been contaminated by unknown functions of a set of observable distorting covariates, Z ₁, …, Z _s , in a multiplicative fashion. The proposed method substantially extends the current contaminated regression modelling capability, by allowing for multiple distorting covariate effects. MCAR is a flexible generalisation of the recently proposed covariate-adjusted regression method, an effective adjustment method in the presence of a single covariate, Z. For MCAR estimation, we establish a connection between the MCAR models and adaptive varying coefficient models. This connection leads to an adaptation of a hybrid backfitting estimation algorithm. Extensive simulations are used to study the performance and limitations of the proposed iterative estimation algorithm. In particular, the bias and mean square error of the proposed MCAR estimators are examined, relative to a baseline and a consistent benchmark estimator. The method is also illustrated with a Pima Indian diabetes data set, where the response and predictors are potentially contaminated by body mass index and triceps skin fold thickness. Both distorting covariates measure aspects of obesity, an important risk factor in type 2 diabetes.     

Accurate unconditional p-values for a two-arm study with binary endpoints

Unconditional exact tests are increasingly used in practice for categorical data to increase the power of a study and to make the data analysis approach being consistent with the study design. In a two-arm study with a binary endpoint, p-value based on the exact unconditional Barnard test is computed by maximizing the tail probability over a nuisance parameter with a range from 0 to 1. The traditional grid search method is able to find an approximate maximum with a partition of the parameter space, but it is not accurate and this approach becomes computationally intensive for a study beyond two groups. We propose using a polynomial method to rewrite the tail probability as a polynomial. The solutions from the derivative of the polynomial contain the solution for the global maximum of the tail probability. We use an example from a double-blind randomized Phase II cancer clinical trial to illustrate the application of the proposed polynomial method to achieve an accurate p-value. We also compare the performance of the proposed method and the traditional grid search method under various conditions. We would recommend using this new polynomial method in computing accurate exact unconditional p-values.     

A robust generalization and asymptotic properties of the model selection criterion family

When selecting a model, robustness is a desirable property. However, most model selection criteria that are based on the Kullback–Leibler divergence tend to have reduced performance when the data are contaminated by outliers. In this paper, we derive and investigate a family of criteria that generalize the Akaike information criterion (AIC). When applied to a polynomial regression model, in the non contaminated case, the performance of this family of criteria is asymptotically equal to that of the AIC. Moreover, the proposed criteria tend to maintain sufficient levels of performance even in the presence of outliers.     

非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA)算子分析

介绍了一种基于遗传算法的多目标进化算法-非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA)。并用NSGA对三个多目标优化问题进行了详尽的计算,对采用不同的算子和不同的算子取值进行了对照,初步得出了一组适用于不同类型问题的NSGA的遗传算子取值,对其他同类问题的计算提供了参考。     

第三人侵权中经营者的注意义务探析

在侵权法中,违反注意义务的判断标准既是一个理论问题更是一个司法实践问题,它的确定和明晰具有重大的现实意义。探寻在第三人侵犯消费者权利的情形下,经营者应承担的注意义务的判断标准。由此说明以理性人标准为基础的注意义务的判断必须从个案出发,无法建立一个适用于各个领域的注意义务的判断标准。     

利用迭代滤波改进乘积高阶模糊函数

乘积高阶模糊函数(PHAF)是因分析mc-PPS而提出来的,但它抑制交叉项的能力有限,难以实现mc-PPS估计。该文提出了逐次滤除最强PHAF峰对应的分量来减少交叉项的迭代滤波方法,改进后的PHAF具有较好的鲁棒性:减少了估计盲区,并且具有更好的估计精度,降低了信噪比门限,而且能估计低阶相位系数,这些性能由多个mc-PPS仿真例子所验证。