山楂叶螨在苹果树上空间分布型及取样方法的研究

经定点调查测定,山楂叶螨在苹果树上的空间分布型为聚集分布,四个方位上的螨量,以南方、东方为最多,同方位上下两层的螨量差异不大。据此,提出山楂叶螨的田间调查方法为:取苹果树5株,从东下或南下方位,每株随机取样5点,每点查10只叶片。     

宅基地退出对农户收入的影响——基于倾向得分匹配(PSM)的反事实估计

基于宅基地退出试点区安徽金寨县626户农户的微观调研数据,在考虑样本选择偏差和农户异质性基础上,运用倾向得分匹配法(PSM)分析宅基地退出对农户收入的影响。结果发现:宅基地退出对农户经营性收入有负向影响,对农户工资性收入和家庭总收入有正向影响;农户宅基地退出,一方面通过缩小耕地经营面积、提高农业生产成本和减少亩均收入降低其经营性收入,另一方面通过增加外出务工人数、提高外出务工时长提升其工资性收入;由于农户工资性收入增加强度大于其经营性收入降低强度,故对其家庭总收入有正向影响;此外,不同教育背景、年龄段农户宅基地退出后收入变化存在差异,因此,应增强宅基地退出就业帮扶政策针对性,宣传宅基地退出政策的增收效应,实施差别化的宅基地退出政策安排。     

Class voting, social change, and the left in Australia, 1943-96

The relationship between class and voting choices has been the subject of controversy in recent years, especially in connection with the apparent decline of the traditional left. This paper examines class voting in Australia, focusing on three major issues: (1) changes in the overall strength of class voting (2) realignment, or changes in the relative political positions of the classes (3) the connection between the strength of class voting and support for Labor. It finds that (1) there is a decline in 'general' class voting (2) much of this decline involves a realignment of certain middle class groups, but there is no support for the popular idea that class alignments have become more complex (3) there is no connection between the strength of class voting and Labor performance. Our results cast doubt on accounts that regard the electoral difficulties of left parties as a symptom of the decline of class.     

“Whatsapping” the continuity of postpartum care in Switzerland: A socio-anthropological study

BackgroundDigital media such as Apps, Internet and social networks have become integral parts of the maternity experience for more than a decade. These media can support or undermine women’s experiences as has been shown in digital sociology research. Using Immediate Messaging Applications to provide information and support to women during the perinatal period is an emerging practice.AimThis article analyses how health and social care professionals – with a focus on community midwives – and women communicate between postpartum home visits through Immediate Message Applications in Switzerland.MethodsA socio-anthropological study that relied on qualitative methods including semi-directed interviews with midwives and health and social care professionals (n = 30) and immigrant women (n = 20).FindingsSince the introduction of Immediate Messaging Applications, women and their carer converse more regularly between post-partum home visits. Women send questions, pictures and videos to them, often allowing swift responses to their concerns. Midwives encounter difficulties answering women’s questions when they cannot be solved through quick communication (e.g. infant crying). To them, texting frequency forms a clinical clue to women’s mental health. Not all women contact their carer through digital messages; immigrant women are less likely to know and use this service.Discussion and conclusionImmediate Messaging Applications form a promising communication tool, complementary to home visits, and contribute to woman-centered care and continuity of care. As an emergent practice, it has not been framed by a guideline yet. Policy makers and practitioners should ensure that its use does not contribute to unequal access to care.     

退溪“礼缘仁情”中的易学思想

退溪学《易》、讲《易》、述《易》完全是为了进修践履。退溪既继承朱子,又与朱子有所不同。他认为“《易》乃理数渊源之书”,而不赞成朱子“《易》本为卜筮之书”的观点。退溪体悟《易》的时中之义至精,且身体力行之。他主张礼有因有革,有常有变,礼在践履中从俗、从宜、从权,其基点是“缘仁情”。     

“慎独”本义新证

“慎独”说在儒学思想史上影响深远,但从郑玄、孔颖达、朱熹以至王栋、郝懿行、王念孙,其解释莫衷一是,近年来由于出土资料的发现更引发了新的争议。本文在王栋、刘宗周、王念孙、凌廷堪、梁涛等人研究的基础上提出,郑玄以来解“慎独”为“谨慎独处”是错误的,而王念孙以及令人据筒帛《五行》篇解“慎独”之“慎”为“诚”亦不可信。传世文献与出土筒帛中的“慎独”,其“慎”宇只能以本义“珍重”为解。     

试论殷墟聚落居民的族系问题

殷墟聚落形态研究是这些年学术界共同关心的课题 ,但在殷墟聚落居民的族系这一基本问题本上尚有很大分歧。通过仔细分析当地所出的相关族氏铭文 ,可以发现 ,在商代晚期 ,居住在殷墟聚落内的居民并非是由单一族系的“子”姓族氏组成的 ,当地的居民至少应该包括子姓、姜姓、姓、姓等各个族氏 ,同时也可能有任姓族氏在殷墟聚落内蕃衍生息。     

北方地域文化与辽金元文学

辽金元时期 ,随着“北方”地域文化生态的变迁 ,大量的非汉族作家出现于文坛 ,少数民族语文学获得较高水平的发展 ,中原文学的中心也由传统的中原地区而向北转移 ,独立的北方文学得到了前所未有的发展和繁荣。辽金元文学作为北方地域文化的组成部分和载体 ,其基本风貌和审美品质 ,实际上也是北方文化与文学传统滋养的结果 ,是对北方文学传统的继承和发展。辽金元地域文化为北方游牧、半游牧民族的草原文化与中原传统的农耕文化的交汇与融合的产物 ,在这样的文化背景之上的三朝文学 ,所体现的社会审美意识、文学观念及其创作的内容、形式和风格等方面也相应出现了一系列新的变化     

明成祖的亲王守边政策

以往学界认为 ,明成祖在即位后将塞王内徙 ,以天子守边和总兵镇边取代了藩王守边。但对已发现材料的考察表明 ,在永乐十一年四月以前的大部分时间里 ,成祖之子汉、赵二王曾先后防守北京一带 ;二王拥有较大的军、政权力 ,可以统帅大将 ,抗击蒙古 ,地位接近于洪武末年的塞王 ;永乐初年塞王内徙出于本王自请 ,成祖只是顺水推舟而已 ;永乐时留在北边的其他塞王可起拥有护卫以壮边防声威之效 ,在定位上与洪武末年的安边保国不同