自主学习导向的社会工作教学活动设计——以《小组工作》课程为例

在我国十多年的社会工作教学改革研究与实践中,以行为主义为基础的传统教学观受到越来越多的质疑和摒弃,而以建构主义为基础的新型教学观则给予越来越多的推崇和运用。本文在论证建构主义教学观与社会工作价值观内在一致性的基础上,以建构主义为指引,自主学习为导向,倡导社会工作教学模式的改革,并以《小组工作》为例进行自主学习导向的教学活动设计和与之配套的制度建设。     

基于制度视角的企业非市场战略与市场战略的整合研究

经典的战略理论是以"市场"为核心的研究,将"非市场"概念运用到企业层次的战略与行为以寻求竞争优势是战略研究领域出现的新趋势。随着各种非市场因素对企业战略影响重要性研究的逐渐深入,非市场战略的研究逐步兴起并日益成为战略管理研究的重要内容。本文首先从制度与战略互动的新视角论述了企业的非市场和市场行为是对转型背景下非市场和市场环境特征的战略反应;然后从一个古诺竞争模型出发,通过构建博弈模型对非市场战略与市场战略的整合效应作了合理的诠释。研究发现,战略整合的核心在于两者之间的正向外溢性,主要反映在一种战略的效应会正向外溢到另外一种战略。由于市场与非市场战略的指向有所不同,有时又需要交互发生作用,因此,对二者进行有效整合,使其能量能够大于任何单一战略所不能及的限度。     

西部大开发中少数民族高等教育发展趋势

我国少数民族主要分布和集中在西部地区,发展民族高等教育,不仅对西部地区的经济社会发展起到重要作用,而且对国家的统一,民族团结,社会的稳定都具有重大战略意义.本文结合贵州民族学院的实际,对西部大开发中少数民族高等教育发展问题进行探讨.     

美国高校实现科技成果转化策略探析

美国高校为实现科技成果转化,采取了一系列行之有效的策略,其中包括加大研究经费投入,设置专门的成果转化及知识产权管理机构,通过政策引导等方式建立一个良性的科技成果转化的循环体系。通过对这些实现策略的系统概述,可能会对我国高校实现科技成果转化的良性循环提供参考。     

Toward a Contextually Anchored Service Innovation Typology

In an increasingly service-centered economy, service innovation is crucial to maintaining a firm's competitive advantage. While service innovation has attracted much attention and has resulted in the development of several service innovation typologies, these attempts remain rooted in the goods-versus-services perspective. In addition, limited attention has been devoted to theoretically anchoring these typologies in the key determinants of service innovation. Our study aims to close these gaps by developing a service innovation typology that is embedded in the service-dominant logic (SDL) and anchored by contextually relevant dimensions—environmental uncertainty, strategic orientation, and market orientation. This article presents an eight-cell service innovation typology and discusses its managerial and research implications. It is our belief that framing the typology along three contextually important dimensions and embedding in the SDL provides a richer and more appropriately specified articulation that is theoretically robust and will be useful to managers responsible for service innovation.     

The Use of Flexible Manufacturing Capacity in Pharmaceutical Product Introductions*

This work considers the value of the flexibility offered by production facilities that can easily be configured to produce new products. We focus on technical uncertainty as the driver of this value, while prior works focused only on demand uncertainty. Specifically, we evaluate the use of process flexibility in the context of risky new product development in the pharmaceutical industry. Flexibility has value in this setting due to the time required to build dedicated capacity, the finite duration of patent protection, and the probability that the new product will not reach the market due to technical or regulatory reasons. Having flexible capacity generates real options, which enables firms to delay the decision about constructing product‐specific capacity until the technical uncertainty is resolved. In addition, initiating production in a flexible facility can enable the firm to optimize production processes in dedicated facilities. The stochastic dynamic optimization problem is formulated to analyze the optimal capacity and allocation decisions for a flexible facility, using data from existing literature. A solution to this problem is obtained using linear programming. The result of this analysis shows both the value of flexible capacity and the optimal capacity allocation. Due to the substantial costs involved with flexibility in this context, the optimal level of flexible capacity is relatively small, suggesting products be produced for only short periods before initiating construction of dedicated facilities.     

Decision Makers as Statisticians: Diversity,Ambiguity, and Learning

I study individuals who use frequentist models to draw uniform inferences from independent and identically distributed data. The main contribution of this paper is to show that distinct models may be consistent with empirical evidence, even in the limit when data increases without bound. Decision makers may then hold different beliefs and interpret their environment differently even though they know each other's model and base their inferences on the same evidence. The behavior modeled here is that of rational individuals confronting an environment in which learning is hard, rather than individuals beset by cognitive limitations or behavioral biases.     

Grouping strategies and thresholding for high dimensional linear models

The estimation problem in a high regression model with structured sparsity is investigated. An algorithm using a two-step block thresholding procedure called GR-LOL is provided. Convergence rates are produced: they depend on simple coherence-type indices of the Gram matrix – easily checkable on the data – as well as sparsity assumptions of the model parameters measured by a combination of l₁ within-blocks with _lq$l_q$, q<1$q<1$ between-blocks norms. The simplicity of the coherence indicator suggests ways to optimize the rates of convergence when the group structure is not naturally given by the problem or is unknown. In such a case, an auto-driven procedure is provided to determine the regressor groups (number and contents). An intensive practical study compares our grouping methods with the standard LOL algorithm. We prove that the grouping rarely deteriorates the results but can improve them very significantly. GR-LOL is also compared with group-Lasso procedures and exhibits a very encouraging behavior. The results are quite impressive, especially when GR-LOL algorithm is combined with a grouping pre-processing.     

Electronic Intermediary Functional Roles and Profitability

Internet start‐ups and traditional firms expanding existing offerings and services through the Net have seen both success and failure. For such business model pursuits, electronic intermediation possesses the ability to cultivate new marketplaces and restructure supply chains. The economic literature identifies four distinct intermediary roles, specifically: (i) information and (ii) logistics management, (iii) transaction securitization, as well as (iv) insurance/market‐making and liquidity management. Research notes that electronic intermediaries, while possessing clear advantages in their ability to manage information, face greater challenges in allowing parties to benefit from the facilitation of more complex coordination activities, namely transaction securitization in addition to insurance/market‐making and liquidity management. In an effort to better understand pursuit of functional intermediary roles, our analysis of data collected on 182 electronic intermediaries explores relationships between intermediation roles and profitability. Business models relying solely upon the provision of information management are likely to realize lower levels of profitability. Alternately, the intermediary roles of logistics management as well as insurance/market‐making and liquidity management realize higher levels of profitability. Moreover, when comparing commodity‐ and service‐based intermediaries, the provision of logistics management on the part of commodity‐based firms sees higher levels of profitability, with insurance and liquidity provisions associated with greater profitability for both commodity‐ and service‐based firms. Finally, when contrasting traditional firms expanding operations in digital markets with Internet pure‐plays, we find transaction securitization functions increase the likelihood of realizing greater profitability for non‐Internet pure‐plays.     

Environmental Factors,Managerial Processes,and Information Technology Investment Strategies

Although significant research attention has been directed at understanding the value of information technology (IT) investments for firms, very little attention has been paid to understand the IT investment behavior of firms. This article seeks to fill this void. We introduce the concept of IT investment strategy, defined by dimensions of intensity and proactiveness, to characterize the IT investment behavior of firms. Synthesizing the environmental deterministic and strategic choice perspectives of a firm's strategic decision making, we examine the effects of environmental factors, managerial processes, and the interplay between them on IT investment strategy. Specifically, we examine the impact of environmental factors such as industry clockspeed and information intensity on IT investment strategy. We also incorporate the strategic choice perspective to argue that managerial processes such as frequent chief executive officer—chief information officer communications and collective information systems planning play a critical role in shaping the firm's IT investment strategy. The empirical results show that the environmental variables are related to IT investment strategy. Besides, managerial processes serve as a means to understand the environment and thus moderate the relationships between the environmental variables and the various facets of IT investment strategy. The conceptualization of IT investment strategy and the focus on both environmental determinism and strategic choice should enrich our understanding of firms’ IT investing behavior.