Dominance and Efficiency in Multicriteria Decision under Uncertainty

This paper proposes several concepts of efficient solutions for multicriteria decision problems under uncertainty. We show how alternative notions of efficiency may be grounded on different decision contexts, depending on what is known about the Decision Maker's (DM) preference structure and probabilistic anticipations. We define efficient sets arising naturally from polar decision contexts. We investigate these sets from the points of view of their relative inclusions and point out some particular subsets which may be especially relevant to some decision situations.     

Combined sample scores versus two-sample scores under censoring

For testing the equality of K-populations against ordered alternatives a quadratic form based on two-sample scores of (K-l) pairs of adjacent samples has been suggested as an alternative to the statistic proposed by Beslow(1970). The Pitman asymptotic efficiency of the proposed statistic relative to the Breslow's statistic is found to be one or very close to one in all cases considered. The Bahadur asymptotic efficiency has also been studied and found to be at least one for the situations taken up in this paper.     

ON SOME OPTIMALITY PROPERTIES OF FISHER-RAO SCORE FUNCTION IN TESTING AND ESTIMATION

The score function is associated with some optimality features in statistical inference. This review article looks on the central role of the score in testing and estimation. The maximization of the power in testing and the quest for efficiency in estimation lead to score as a guiding principle. In hypothesis testing, the locally most powerful test statistic is the score test or a transformation of it. In estimation, the optimal estimating function is the score. The same link can be made in the case of nuisance parameters: the optimal test function should have maximum correlation with the score of the parameter of primary interest. We complement this result by showing that the same criterion should be satisfied in the estimation problem as well.     

经济分析法学的几个基本概念阐释

本文结合微观经济学理论,通过对科斯、波斯纳等为代表的经济分析法学原理的分析,认为交易成本、最大化、均衡、效率是法律的经济分析中涉及的最基本的概念。本文对这几个基本概念在微观经济学和法律的经济分析中的内涵和作用进行了阐释和分析。本文指出,没有交易成本概念就不会有经济分析法学,“最大化”、“经济人”是对法律进行经济分析的前提假设,均衡分析是理性选择理论分析决策人之间关系的基本方法,博弈论是分析法律等非市场制度和非充分竞争市场的恰当工具,效率是经济分析法学的最终指向。     

关于环境法实施效率的经济学分析

环境法是现代国家保障公共环境利益的制度形式之一。受个体行为、政府行为以及违法人者与执法机构之间的不合作博弈等因素影响,环境法规实施的效果往往并不理想。通过讨论破坏行为数量与执法者发现违法行为的概率、惩罚强度以及其它相关因素之间的关系,分析了环境法规实施过程的内在机理,并据此提出了提高环境法规实施效率的建议。     

Production efficiency in Indian agriculture: An assessment of the post green revolution years

In this paper we use the nonparametric method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to obtain Pareto-Koopmans measures of technical efficiency of individual states over the years 1970–71 through 2000–01 in a multi-output, multi-input model of agricultural production. We disaggregate overall efficiency into two distinct components representing output and input efficiencies and identify the contribution of individual outputs and inputs to the measured level of overall efficiency. Because introduction of modern inputs has been a major component of the process of modernization of Indian agriculture, we examine to what extent different states succeeded in utilizing the modern inputs compared to the traditional inputs. Variations in the DEA efficiency scores across states and over years is explained in terms of differences in various institutional and demographic factors in a second stage regression analysis.     

邓小平效率思想探析

纵观改革开放25年的历史,中国一切的发展和成就都离不开邓小平理论的科学指导。邓小平关于效率的思想贯穿着整个改革开放的历史,具有其特殊的意义。时至今日,邓小平效率思想仍然放射着巨大的理论光芒,我们对理论不但要深刻理解、坚决贯彻,更要与时俱进地加以发展。本文对邓小平效率思想产生的背景及其内涵进行了较为深入地阐述与分析,以期能够推动对邓小平效率思想的理解与贯彻。     

Determinants of Portfolio Efficiency Losses in US Self-directed Pension Accounts

This empirical study evaluates the magnitude of efficiency losses of household portfolio choices in self-directed pension accounts (SDAs). It uses data from the Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF). The determinants of the magnitude of efficiency losses across household investors are investigated in detail. The findings of this study lend empirical support to the belief that the magnitude of efficiency losses for household investors differs with the different demographic characteristics and investment propensities. In particular, household investors with long-investment horizons, with more autonomy of choices in their SDAs, or with the tendency to select high levels of portfolio risk in SDAs are more vulnerable to efficiency losses. Factors to predict the levels of portfolio risk maintained by household investors in their SDAs are also explored.     

宪法解释机关比较研究

各国宪法解释机关大体上分为三种模式 :即普通法院体系中的最高法院、独立的宪法法院和立法机关。其共同特点是宪法解释机关与承担违宪审查职责的宪法监督机关是同一个机关 ,并且基于一定的法理学基础。宪法解释需要一个最终的、权威的机关 ,但也离不开其他的机关为补充 ,这是各国宪法解释的共同特点。我国宪法规定全国人大常委会解释宪法 ,是指由全国人大常委会对宪法解释享有最终的、最后的解释权。在我国宪法解释的实践中 ,最高人民法院 ,全国人大常委会法制工作委员会 ,国务院 ,省一级人民代表大会工作机构对宪法解释的法案例 ,表明我国这些宪法解释机关的从属性、附属性与补充性。而最高人民法院在裁判案件中对宪法进行的解释的案例 ,正是宪法实施保障法理学与宪法解释本身的需要 ,与宪法规定的全国人大常委会解释宪法是一致的 ,并不矛盾与冲突     

ROW AND COLUMAN DESIGNS WITH CONTIGUOUS REPLICATES

A method is given for constructing row and column designs for situations where replicates are contiguous. Designs of this type are needed in cotton variety trials. A table of generating arrays is given from which a series of resolvable designs can be constructed; these designs are called latinized α-designs. Some results from cotton variety trials are presented.