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71.
Measuring productivity change with Malmquist indices has become common practice, because they are easily computed using nonparametric programming techniques and can be readily decomposed into technical and efficiency change. However, this approach is nonstochastic and requires a constant returns to scale assumption to construct the reference technology. We propose estimating productivity change using a stochastic input distance frontier, imposing no restrictions on returns to scale. We derive the analogous decomposition of productivity change and develop a generalized method of moments strategy in which outputs or inputs may be endogenous. We compare two methods in an application to electric utilities.  相似文献   
72.
王子博 《统计研究》2015,32(7):24-31
本文估算并应用潜在产出描述经济增长,尝试从国际合作角度设定动态结构面板向量自回归模型,识别自发性国际资本流动的综合性结构冲击,并进一步分解为共同冲击和特有冲击,提出研究国际资本流动冲击对经济增长影响的计量思路,以金砖国家为例进行实证分析。研究发现:国际资本流动冲击对金砖各国经济增长的效应因资本账户开放进程而异,但对金砖整体经济增长存在正效应,且不为金砖各国之间的资本流动冲击所扰;将金砖国家视为以国际合作形式联合的整体进行计量分析是可行且有经济意义的。中国应推进包括金砖国家在内的全方位南南合作,不断完善资本账户开放条件,分散国际资本流动冲击并使其有利于长期共同发展。  相似文献   
73.
This paper identifies the relationship between pupils’ Family Background, their mathematics scores, and school-level policies, using the 2012 Programme of International Student Assessment for Italy and multilevel modelling. School-level policies have played a leading role in recent school reforms in many countries, but there is no straightforward empirical evidence for how they affect pupils’ outcomes and the equality of educational outcomes. Our findings show that that only some school policies intensify the Family Background Effect – (educational equity) and affect student outcomes (educational efficiency) simultaneously. We find that competitive schools are able to screen students by selecting higher socio-economic status parents, which mainly harms equity without having much effect on efficiency. There are some policies which allow some trade-off between aforementioned objectives, mainly policies related to management schools.  相似文献   
74.
Dominance and Efficiency in Multicriteria Decision under Uncertainty   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Ben Abdelaziz  F.  Lang  P.  Nadeau  R. 《Theory and Decision》1999,47(3):191-211
This paper proposes several concepts of efficient solutions for multicriteria decision problems under uncertainty. We show how alternative notions of efficiency may be grounded on different decision contexts, depending on what is known about the Decision Maker's (DM) preference structure and probabilistic anticipations. We define efficient sets arising naturally from polar decision contexts. We investigate these sets from the points of view of their relative inclusions and point out some particular subsets which may be especially relevant to some decision situations.  相似文献   
75.
This empirical study evaluates the magnitude of efficiency losses of household portfolio choices in self-directed pension accounts (SDAs). It uses data from the Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF). The determinants of the magnitude of efficiency losses across household investors are investigated in detail. The findings of this study lend empirical support to the belief that the magnitude of efficiency losses for household investors differs with the different demographic characteristics and investment propensities. In particular, household investors with long-investment horizons, with more autonomy of choices in their SDAs, or with the tendency to select high levels of portfolio risk in SDAs are more vulnerable to efficiency losses. Factors to predict the levels of portfolio risk maintained by household investors in their SDAs are also explored.  相似文献   
76.
Fairness considerations often are invoked to explain wage differences that appear unrelated to worker characteristics or job conditions, but non-experimental tests of fair wage models are rare because market data rarely permit researchers to measure individual workers’ productivity and its value. We use data from the baseball labor market to address this problem, and find no support for fair wage theory. We do find, however, that fairness premia can be illusory: Wages appear to incorporate fairness premia in regressions that control for variation in individuals’ physical output, but such premia evaporate when the value of that output is held constant.
Stephen J. K. WaltersEmail:
  相似文献   
77.
By applying the non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method, even with all the limitations where error could cause significant problems, this paper attempts to investigate the efficiency of 35 Microfinance institutions in the Mediterranean zone during the period of 2004–2005. The estimated results prove that eight institutions are relatively efficient, and have a notable level of average efficiency and a potential of evolution while being referent to their technical efficiency. The survey also reveals that the size of the MFIs has a negative effect on their efficiency since the MFIs of medium size are more efficient than the eminent.
Ben Soltane BassemEmail:
  相似文献   
78.
经济体制转型过程中,"效率优先,兼顾公平"是我们进行分配领域改革的基本原则,对这一原则理解的失误导致收入分配差距日愈拉大.通过对公平与效率的重新反思,认识公平与效率是两个不同经济运行过程的运行原则.公平是分配过程的原则,它贯穿于收入分配的全过程,不管初次分配还是再分配,都要遵循这一原则.  相似文献   
79.
宪法解释机关比较研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
各国宪法解释机关大体上分为三种模式 :即普通法院体系中的最高法院、独立的宪法法院和立法机关。其共同特点是宪法解释机关与承担违宪审查职责的宪法监督机关是同一个机关 ,并且基于一定的法理学基础。宪法解释需要一个最终的、权威的机关 ,但也离不开其他的机关为补充 ,这是各国宪法解释的共同特点。我国宪法规定全国人大常委会解释宪法 ,是指由全国人大常委会对宪法解释享有最终的、最后的解释权。在我国宪法解释的实践中 ,最高人民法院 ,全国人大常委会法制工作委员会 ,国务院 ,省一级人民代表大会工作机构对宪法解释的法案例 ,表明我国这些宪法解释机关的从属性、附属性与补充性。而最高人民法院在裁判案件中对宪法进行的解释的案例 ,正是宪法实施保障法理学与宪法解释本身的需要 ,与宪法规定的全国人大常委会解释宪法是一致的 ,并不矛盾与冲突  相似文献   
80.
A method is given for constructing row and column designs for situations where replicates are contiguous. Designs of this type are needed in cotton variety trials. A table of generating arrays is given from which a series of resolvable designs can be constructed; these designs are called latinized α-designs. Some results from cotton variety trials are presented.  相似文献   
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