Trade, education, and innovation: Prospects for the U.S. economy

This paper examines international trade issues as vital indicators of the economic prospects of the United States and other developed economies. In particular, it challenges misuses of the doctrine of mutual gains from trade and instead argues that comparative advantage does not guarantee increases in benefits to both trading partners—especially when one partner seeks to distort the market mechanism in its favor. In the face of such mercantilist or protectionist practices, efforts to advance innovation, without retaining manufacturing jobs, will not ensure continued prosperity, as the number of jobs entailed in the invention process is small compared with the number of jobs associated with manufacturing an innovative product for mass consumption. These matters call for the urgent rethinking of trade policy by the United States and other developed nations, if they are to balance their imports and exports and ensure continued economic growth.     

《三联生活周刊》小图标游离背后的深思考——兼对杂志尾标规范及应用初探

出现在杂志文章结尾处、一般占一个字符大小的小图标在本文之与未进入杂志编辑排版命名和认识的范畴。杂志“尾标”概念的提出,即是为有意识利用和规范使用提供一个前提,以杜绝由于“尾标”使用不规范而引起的杂志的法律与诚信危机,同时更具建设性的应用于杂志品牌文化系统的构建和表现。     

国际贸易统计研究中的几个基本关系

为使国际贸易统计和贸易平衡的研究更为深入和更好地开展,本文建议在研究中要处理好以下三个基本关系：经济发展与统计体系建设的关系,中国贸易统计的国际接轨与促进国际统计制度变革的关系,贸易统计数据生产与贸易统计数据使用的关系。     

选择价值工程改进对象的动态排序模型

从一个复杂系统中,合理地选择重点改进对象,是有效开展价值工程活动的基础。本文在分析最合适区域法存在的问题的基础上,提出选择价值工程改进对象的动态排序模型。     

△-correct decision for location and scale parameters

In selecting t out of k populations, a △-correct decision is said to be made if the smallest location parameter for the selected populations is not more than △ below the largest location parameter for the non-selected populations. (For seal? parameters there is a similar definition in terms of ratio3.) The minimum probability of △-correct decision over the entire parameter pace is shown to be equal to the minimum probability of correct selection over a preference zone determined by △.     

On Block Skip Free Transition Matrices and First Passage Times

Starting from an abstract setting which extends the property “skip free to the left” for transition matrices to a partition of the state space, we develop bounds for the mean hitting time of a Markov chain to an arbitrary subset from an arbitrary initial law. We apply our theory to the embedded Markov chains associated with the M/G/1 and the GI/M/1 queueing systems. We also illustrate its applicability with an asymptotic analysis of a non-reversible Markovian star queueing network with losses.     

Exact permutation inference for two sample repeated measures data

Experiments in which very few units are measured many times sometimes present particular difficulties. Interest often centers on simple location shifts between two treatment groups, but appropriate modeling of the error distribution can be challenging. For example, normality may be difficult to verify, or a single transformation stabilizing variance or improving normality for all units and all measurements may not exist. We propose an analysis of two sample repeated measures data based on the permutation distribution of units. This provides a distribution free alternative to standard analyses. The analysis includes testing, estimation and confidence intervals. By assuming a certain structure in the location shift model, the dimension of the problem is reduced by analyzing linear combinations of the marginal statistics. Recently proposed algorithms for computation of two sample permutation distributions, require only a few seconds for experiments having as many as 100 units and any number of repeated measures. The test has high asymptotic efficiency and good power with respect to tests based on the normal distribution. Since the computational burden is minimal, approximation of the permutation distribution is unnecessary.     

Combined estimate of a location parameter

In this paper, we revisit the problem of combining estimates of location considered by Cohen (1976). Our results unify and strengthen the results of Cohen (1976), Bhattacharya (1981) and Akai (1982).     

宗族势力对城乡结合部乡村治理的负面影响及对策——基于对Ｓ省Ｗ村的调研

城镇化进程中,宗族势力已成为城乡结合部乡村治理过程中的重要阻力。如何消除宗族势力对城乡结合部乡村治理的负面影响,加强农村的基层民主建设,完善乡村治理结构,已成为社会管理的难点问题。基于对我国 S 省 W 村的实地调研,列举了宗族势力对城乡结合部乡村治理在负面影响方面的两大表现,分析了产生负面影响的原因,并提出了消除负面影响的对策建议。     

论统一商事立法中的商业账簿制度

根据国内外立法对商业账簿制度的规定,结合商事实践中的经验、教训和需求,未来统一商事立法中关于商业账簿的规定应当包括五个方面的内容:商人制作商业账簿的义务,商业账簿具体制作和保管责任人,商业账簿的合法性、真实性、完整性和效力,商业账簿的提交,商业账簿的保管期限。