阳明心学的工夫论分析

学术界对宋明理学的研究一般以本体、境界、工夫为理论重心。在儒学德性修养理论体系之中,本体、境界与工夫之间是一种"互文性"的关系。在阳明心学中存在着两种工夫理论,它们体现着阳明心学德性修养论的基本特点。通过对这两种工夫论的分析,我们可以进一步阐解本体、境界、工夫三者之间的深层联系。     

马克思主义哲学中国化的生存论阐释

马克思主义哲学中国化,需要从马克思主义哲学在生存论意义上展开的现代哲学人类学以及世界历史时代的新方向上进行理解。在信仰的无神论倾向、经验主义及自然主义的哲学样式、流动性的辩证思维、实践思维方式以及伦理价值观上,马克思主义与中国哲学传统都存在着一定的相通性。马克思主义哲学中国化不仅引导、而且也将融入中国文化传统的当代转化,转化的关键在于马克思主义共生主义信仰的内化,并形成能够积极影响人类的新的生存理念。     

古印度哲学的信息、系统、复杂性思想的基本特质(上)

古印度哲学中蕴涵着丰富而深刻的信息、系统与复杂性思想,可以归纳为十二个方面的特质:丰富的宇宙及其事物自生性的过程论思想;以大梵为本体的世界整体统一性理论;形形色色的多元实在论的本体论观念;明确的信息自在显现思想;丰富的宇宙、事物的全息思想;深刻的信息认识中介论思想;差异整体论和差异认识论的复杂性观念;和合论中的整体涌现论的复杂性思想;事物自然因、无目的、非决定论的复杂性观念;无常无我论、空论中的变易、无主宰、无主体的复杂性思想;"中道论"中两极兼容、对立互补的复杂性思想;具有直观性、猜测性、神秘性、神学性等缺陷.     

中国现代思想中的知识论:朝向一种新的整体

在西方话语中占优势地位的自然主义知识论的主题乃是在很大程度上独立于理解主体的外部世界(或客观实在)。中国传统知识论可以被称作关系知识论,因为它们关涉的主题是关系。这不但适用于否定实体观念的整体主义知识论,而且还适用于许多倡导在理解主体与理解客体间作出严格区分的现代理论。在这一方面,对中西传统知识理论作一比较分析也许不失为一种解决关于人类理解的性质与对实在的认知的某些基本问题的有益方法。     

修养:中国哲学的道路

修养历来被哲学所忽视,以修养为特征的中国哲学作为哲学的资质也一直受到怀疑.但是,只要我们承认哲学与人的生存状态相关,哲学有不同的形态,就能发现,修养在中国传统哲学中,不仅仅具有伦理倾向,而且与人的认识和实践活动紧密相连,与人的全面发展密切相关.修养不仅是中国哲学的道路,而且是具有"哲学"根本意义的人的活动,这种哲学为新时期哲学的发展和哲学观念的更新提供了可资借鉴的途径.     

Education,Happiness and Wellbeing

Answers to the questions ‘Does education influence happiness and if so, how and how much?’ depend on how one defines and operationalizes ‘education’, ‘influences’ and ‘happiness’. A great variety of research scenarios may be constructed from our three essential variables. What public policies one ought to adopt and implement regarding the influence of education on happiness depends minimally on which of the great variety of research scenarios one adopts and maximally on lots of other things as well. My personal preference is for a robust definition of the three terms. Because human beings are complex organisms, an adequate construction of the idea of human wellbeing must also be complex. Therefore, any discipline-driven, reductionist definition that pyschologizes, medicalizes, economizes, geneticizes, socializes or politicizes the idea should be avoided.     

The Relative Importance of Health

This article seeks to extend Michalos’ [Social indicators research and health-related quality of life (QoL) research. Social Indicators Research, 65, 27–72, 2004] discussion on bridging social indicators research and health-related QoL (HRQoL) research through an examination of (1) the relative importance of satisfaction with one’s own health to another common measure of QoL—Life satisfaction, and (2) the relative importance of health in relation to other major life domains. Using data from two surveys, this article found that individuals may perceive health as most important in relation to other major life domains but satisfaction with one’s own health may not necessarily be the most important determining factor (in relation to satisfaction with other major life domains) of QoL as measured by life satisfaction. These findings support Michalos’ (Social indicators research and HRQoL research. Social Indicators Research, 65, 27–72, 2004) call for caution regarding the interpretation of research results on HRQoL since many HRQoL measures are measures of satisfaction with one’s own health and should not be considered as measures of QoL.     

The Best and Worst Times of Life: Narratives and Assessments of Subjective Well-Being by Anamnestic Comparative Self Assessment (ACSA) in the Eastern Cape,South Africa

The Anamnestic Comparative Self Assessment (ACSA) measure of subjective well-being (SWB) aims to reduce the problems of cultural bias and relativity to external standards by allowing people to define the endpoints or ‘anchors’ of the measurement scale. In medical terminology anamnestic denotes ‘based on memory’. The ACSA uses subjects’ memories of the best and worst periods in their lives to define the anchors of the scale. They then assess their current quality of life relative to these personal anchors. The South African pilot study tested the match between self-assessment of SWB with ACSA and the conventional single-item measures of life satisfaction and happiness used in the South African Quality of Life Trends Study and analysed the narratives of the best and worst times of life. The quota sample of 46 consisted of 26 residents of Makana district in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, and 20 patients undergoing treatment in the local TB hospital. Mean SWB ratings with all three measures of life satisfaction, happiness and ACSA were between 5 and 6 on a 0–10-point scale. Ratings on all three scales were positively correlated. However, on ACSA the TB patients rated their current SWB 1.84 points lower than the community respondents, suggesting a greater sensitivity of this measure. It was observed that the starting points of the life stories produced by respondents to define the anchor periods for ACSA were related to their current assessment of SWB. A typology was developed that combined the starting point of the life stories with current SWB. The majority of community respondents matched the ‘Achiever’ type who scored positively on ACSA (i.e., above the mid-point of the scale) and whose life stories started with the worst period of their lives and proceeded to the best period. The TB patients were the only respondents to represent the ‘Survivor’ type whose morale had recovered after misfortune in life. ‘Survivors’ started their narratives with the best period in their lives, then moved to the worst (often health-related) one, and gave positive ACSA ratings. Based on the qualitative analysis of narratives, it is concluded that ACSA is a sensitive measurement instrument and therefore particularly useful for monitoring the effects of treatments and social interventions in longitudinal studies. However, further research is required to verify its cross-cultural validity.

Life satisfaction and family structure among adolescents in Hong Kong

Relationships between family structure and perceived life satisfaction in overall life and five domains of the Brief Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale, family life, friendships, school experience, myself, and where I live were examined among 4,502 Chinese adolescent secondary school students in Hong Kong. Bivariate analyses showed that economic status was not a significant risk factor, but gender, level of study, and migrant status had to be controlled to examine the life satisfaction-family structure relations. Logistic regression analyses found that in overall life, with adolescents living with two parents as standard for comparisons, adolescents living with mother had similar life satisfaction, but those living with father only, and those with no parents, or single parent with other adults had very much higher risk of life dissatisfaction. Specifically, the risks associated with the adverse family structures were most excessive in the domain of ‘family life’.     

A note on the score reliability for the Satisfaction With Life Scale: an RG study

The purpose of the present study was to meta-analytically investigate the score reliability for the Satisfaction With Life Scale. Four-hundred and sixteen articles using the measure were located through electronic database searches and then separated to identify studies which had calculated reliability estimates from their own data. Sixty-two articles met this criterion, providing 76 reliability coefficients. The articles comprising the sample were next coded to identify potential sample or test characteristics that might affect the variation in reliability estimates. Results indicate that score standard deviation, mean, percent female, US samples, English test version, and youth samples demonstrated significant relationships with score reliability. Results from this study provide useful information, in terms of scale performance, for researchers interested in using the measure for future academic endeavors.