Green facades—a view back and some visions

Building facades are under permanent environmental influences, such as sun and acid rain, which age and can ultimately destroy them. Living wall systems can protect facades and offer similar benefits to those gained from installing a green roof. A view back in history shows that vegetated facades are not new technology but can offer multiple benefits as a component of current urban design. In the 19th century, in many European and some North American cities, woody climbers were frequently used as a cover for simple facades. In Central Europe in the 1980s a growing interest in environmental issues resulted in the vision to bring nature into cities. In many German cities incentive programmes were developed, including some that supported tenant initiatives for planting and maintaining climbers in their backyards and facades. Since the 1980s, research has been conducted on issues such as the insulating effects of plants on facades, the ability of plants to mitigate dust, plants’ evaporative cooling effects, and habitat creation for urban wildlife, including birds, spiders and beetles. The aim of this paper is to review research activities on the green wall and facade technology with a focus on Germany. The potential of green facades to improve urban microclimate and buildings’ ecological footprint is high, but they have not developed a widespread presence outside of Germany because they are not as well known as green roofs and there is a lack of implementation guidelines and incentive programs in other countries.     

评深化对劳动价值理论研究的两种思路

本文就当前深化对劳动价值理论研究的“要素价值论”和“活劳动价值论”这两种思路作出了较系统的评述。对“要素价值论”主张的物化劳动创造价值、科学技术创造价值和各种非劳动要素共同创造价值的观点作了深入的分析,指出了这些观点在理论上存在的问题,因而按这一思路来进行研究不能达到深化对劳动价值理论认识的目的。对“活劳动价值论”主张的应深化认识创造价值的劳动这一观点作了深入的分析,在肯定这一研究思路所取得的重要成果的基础上,指出了需要进一步深入研究的几个主要问题,以及深化对劳动价值理论研究的主攻方向。     

社会悲剧中的性格悲剧--试论《骆驼祥子》中祥子性格的生命本质

老舍《骆驼祥子》中的祥子形象,堪称中国现代市民个性主义形象的典型代表,但是,由于小说本竭力强调祥子性格悲剧中的社会悲剧意味,因之,从本中所显示的现实图景来看,祥子作为市民个性主义所应该具有的性格力量,并未被本充分展示出来。     

劳动力商品与人力资本

劳动力商品的价值决定于再生产劳动力的社会必要劳动时间,这一原理是正确的,但由于时代的局限,马克思在阐明这个社会必要劳动时间时忽略了劳动力商品生产中还有诸如学习训练所耗费的时间和精力这类活劳动投入,这会在生活资料的价值之外产生一个增殖额。对生产劳动力商品的社会必要劳动时间的重新理解,可以使工资劳动者收入的巨大差别、劳动力商品向劳动力资本的转化等重要经济现象在劳动价值论的基础上得到解释,对劳动力商品生产中活劳动投入的考察是人力资本理论的贡献,但这一理论因没有坚实的科学基础而不能完全理解这种投入的性质。     

邻里关系对孩子成长及社区生活品质的影响

邻里关系对孩子的成长和社区生活品质产生很重要的影响。健康的邻里关系可以给孩子提供安全感、稳定感和亲密感,这有助于促进孩子的社会认知,同时也能培养孩子分担社会责任的意识。反之,糟糕的邻里关系会降低整个社区的生活质量并对孩子的成长产生负面影响。邻里关系通过影响社区生活进而孩子的成长,而孩子们是否能健康成长又会反过来影响社区的生活质量。     

高等学校文科实验室建设初探

社会向高等学校提出了培养具有创新能力和实践能力复合型人才的要求,文科实验室作为创新人才的摇篮受到关注,并初步取得成效,但文科实验室建设依然存在一定问题。该文以贵州大学为例,对影响文科实验室建设的问题进行了分析,并就存在问题应采取的措施进行思考及探讨。     

Organizing survival and resistance in austere times: shifting disability activism and care politics in Ontario,Canada

Following the 2008 financial crisis, all levels of Canadian government implemented austerity measures that dramatically restructured welfare, employment, and social service infrastructures. This has significantly affected how disabled people access services. We argue that this restructuring has been an impetus for new forms of disability activism and care politics in Ontario as disabled people fight for services necessary for survival. We discuss examples of politicized forms of care and resistance in Ontario, namely self-care, the Ontario Direct Funding programme, and collective forms of care. We contend that while these examples of care can be practical modes of resistance, they can all be co-opted and restructured to suit neoliberal ideologies and must therefore be continually interrogated.     

Parental structure experiences of children: Exposure,transitions, and type at birth

This paper examines parental structure experiences during childhood and adolescence of non-Hispanic whites, blacks, Mexicans, and Puerto Ricans born 1957 to 1964. The study shows that the parental structure types most commonly experienced are mother-father, mother only, and mother-stepfather. The study also finds that a significant proportion of children move into a mother-only family and do not leave it. Finally, the study shows that the parental structure experiences of children are strongly influenced by their parental structure at birth.A version of this paper was presented at the meetings of the American Sociological Association in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, August 1992.     

A Note on the Living Arrangements of Elders 1970–2000, with Special Emphasis on Hispanic Subgroup Differentials

Previous research suggests that Hispanic elders, as a group, have been much more likely to live with others, especially adult children, than have other, especially non-Hispanic White, elders. It has also tracked an increase in solitary and couple-only living among the latter group since the turn of the century. However, it has not tracked changed living arrangements among Hispanic elders. When we do so, we find little aggregate change since 1970, but noteworthy change in different directions among different Hispanic subgroups. Thus aggregate figures for a diverse minority group may be masking very real changes and makes it all the more imperative that we consider different Latino groups separately and try to better understand issues of immigration and acculturation.     

聚居还是混居——新疆南部汉族农民的居住格局与维汉关系

民族居住格局是族际关系研究中的一个重要内容,一般来说多民族混居有利于族际交往,促进相互了解,减少偏见与歧视,使族际关系趋于和谐。同时混居带来的近邻关系会使族际冲突增加,单一民族聚居现象普遍存在也有其客观原因。南疆维吾尔族聚居的乡村居住着少数的汉族农民,文章通过这些汉族农民居住状况的形成、演变及当地维汉居民对此的态度,探讨居住格局对族际关系的影响。