孤残儿童的机构照顾与社会融合

机构照顾是我国目前孤残儿童福利服务的主要模式,对孤残儿童的衣、食、住、行、医有了较全面的保障,并为这些特殊儿童提供了安全、健康的集体环境。但随着我国改革开放的不断深入,儿童福利照顾的理念和照顾模式也在发生新的变革,跟很多发达国家的发展经历相似,在照顾模式中,改革、变化的趋势是:从大机构到小机构的转变,从机构照顾到家庭寄养和家庭收养模式的转变。本文重点探讨国外孤残儿童机构照顾的实践及其反思,以及我国孤残儿童机构照顾模式存在的问题,特别在社会融合方面存在的缺陷。试图分析孤残儿童走向社会融合的可能途径,并以上海市儿童福利院为例,从现实操作层面来看这些途径的有效性。     

我国妇女围产期保健服务利用的影响因素

根据国家人口与计划生育委员会2001年全国计划生育/生殖健康调查资料,对我国城市、农村妇女围产期保健的现状进行比较研究.结果显示:城市妇女的围产期保健服务利用的总体水平高于农村;围产期保健利用的影响因素主要有妇女年龄、民族、文化程度、亲生子女数等;五期教育等宣传品的影响没有显著差别.     

浅析宋代养老制度的借鉴意义

老龄化现象是我国当前社会发展存在的一个重要问题。自2000年我国进入老龄化社会以后,随着出生率的逐渐下降和我国人口寿命的逐渐增长,老年人口将占据我国人口的较大比重,人口老龄化将成为我国当前社会发展的一个普遍趋势。因此,如何应对老龄化问题,发展我国养老事业是一个非常值得讨论的问题。早在宋代,我国已经出现有关养老的福利制度,并且有着可以借鉴的内容。文章将通过参考宋代养老制度,为我国当今社会养老事业的发展提供借鉴与参考。     

Full Responsibility with Partial Citizenship: Immigrant Wives in Taiwan

The interrelationship between increased ageing and declining fertility is facing many developed countries with challenges, risks and policy debates around care, reproduction and women's rights. This article demonstrates the special case of cross‐border marriages and the lives of immigrant wives in Taiwan, with a view to identifying their social needs and hence their prospects for social inclusion. It considers the extent to which these immigrant wives have managed to fulfil the dreams of their own native families and/or satisfy the reproductive demands of their ‘in‐law’ families. Issues of women's social and reproductive role, gender discrimination and the unfulfilled rights and ‘partial citizenship’ of immigrant wives are discussed. The author argues that immigrant wives carry full responsibility but possess only partial citizenship. The ideology of the spousal sponsorship regime, which makes the application for naturalization extremely difficult, not only increases the vulnerability of immigrant women but violates their human rights.     

浅论高考时间的改革与考试的人本化

从我国建立统一的高等学校招生考试制度以来,高等学校招生考试时间的安排也经历了几次比较大的变化。如建立统一而确定的考试时间、建立春季高考制度、高考时间从7月提前到6月等。这些改革的出发点都是本着人文关怀的指导思想,使考生能够正常发挥出自身的水平而不受外界客观因素的影响。本文查阅大量史料,将从三个方面阐述高考时间的变化,并对高考时间的改革提出了自己的看法。     

Embracing the continuity of care experience: A new Australian graduate entry master of midwifery course with a student caseload of 15 women per year

BackgroundWomen receiving continuity of midwifery care have increased satisfaction and improved outcomes. Preparation of midwifery students to work in continuity models from the point of graduation may provide an ongoing midwifery workforce that meets rising demand from women for access to such care.Aim of the paperThe aim of this paper is to describe an innovative midwifery course based on a continuity model, where students acquire more than 50 % of clinical hours through continuity of care experiences. Additional educational strategies incorporated in the course to enhance the CCE experience within the philosophy of midwifery care, include a virtual maternity centre, case-based learning and the Resources Activities Support Evaluation (RASE) pedagogical model of learning.DiscussionAustralian accredited midwifery courses vary in structure, format and philosophy; this new course provides students with an alternative option of study for those who have a particular interest in continuity of midwifery care.ConclusionA midwifery course which provides the majority of clinical hours through continuity of care may prepare graduates for employment within midwifery group practice models by demonstrating the benefits of relationship building, improved outcomes and the reality of an on-call lifestyle.     

社会资本:破解“空心化”农村养老困境的现实选择——以H村为例

农村"空心化"已成为中国社会经济发展过程中中西部地区的一种普遍现象,年轻人的流失突显了农村的养老问题。在年轻人回乡事亲孝亲和农村社会化养老服务在短时间内都难以做到的情况下,加强农村社区社会资本建设,以协助老年人解决日常生活中的困难,成为破解"空心化"农村养老困境的现实选择和可行之路。     

社会工作在老年照料与服务中的作用

老龄人口特别是高龄老年人口的增多,使得老年照料与服务日渐成为老人个体、家庭和社会高度关注的问题。社会工作作为助人的专业,可依照其固有的价值理念,运用其独有的个案、小组/团体和社区工作方法,在老年照料与服务中发挥重要作用,成为专业咨询提供者、维权与法律保护者、团体活动倡导和组织者、服务中介等等,从而为解决老年照料问题提供了一种建设性的解决途径。     

Building on the original strengths of direct payments to create a better future for social care

Confidence in the prevailing In Control model of personal budgets in the United Kingdom is beginning to waver. This raises the question of ‘where to next?’ for social care. Will we be returning to the monolithic system that typified services at the turn of the millennium – a system that is deeply oppressive for the great majority who lack the support and confidence to escape it by accessing a direct payment to manage their own support system? The Care Act has made no change to the basic process whereby it is councils that will decide what a person’s needs are, which will be met and with what resource. However, we argue here that the situation is far from hopeless. In Control’s analysis, while attractive to a neo-liberal political ideology, was based on a serious failure to understand the reasons for the success of direct payments. Whilst policy-makers saw it as a triumph for consumerist notions of choice, it is better understood as a triumph for needs-based planning, but carried out in a person-centred way. Learning the right lessons offers a new way forward to deliver a respectful and flexible service within the context of the Care Act.     

Braving Human Suffering: Death Education and its Relationship to Empathy and Mindfulness

Social workers are likely to encounter clients dealing with traumatic grief and death in their practice. Though death education has gained in popularity and acceptance, few social work students receive coursework in this area and many are unprepared to deal with their clients' and their own emotions regarding death and grief. Though death-related content may evoke provider avoidance, mindfulness and empathy may help regulate provider emotions and responses. This United States-based study evaluates the effectiveness of experiential death education on mindfulness and empathy. Measures in three separate cohorts were given at the beginning and end of the course. Results show statistically significant increases on the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire and the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy, indicating that such a course may be effective in increasing both mindfulness and empathy in social work students and those in related fields.