二十世纪西方语言学史综述

现代语言学始于20世纪初的瑞士语言学家索绪尔。到了二三十年代,欧洲的布拉格学派出现了,并被公认为是继索绪尔之后最有影响的学派。而俄国则是马尔的错误语言学理论的一统天下,这种情况在该国一直持续到四十年代。英国语言学家弗斯四五十年代所提出的语言学理论在英国语言学史上具有划时代的意义,他是伦敦学派的代表人物之一。他的学生韩礼德提出的系统功能语法继承和发展了他的理论。美国结构主义诞生于20世纪初,在早期博厄斯和萨丕尔提出了一些重要的语言理论,之后从三十年代到五十年代年是著名的布龙菲尔德时代。五十年代乔姆斯基提出的转换生成语法冲击了当时在美国占主导地位的结构主义描写语言学。但转换生成语法遇到了六十年代晚期发展起来的格语法和六十年代晚期、七十年代早期发展起来的生成语义学等理论的挑战。     

伦敦海事仲裁中的费用担保制度

费用担保制度在伦敦海事仲裁中是一项用于维护可能胜诉的被请求人利益的十分重要的制度.1996年英国仲裁法顺应国际商事仲裁的发展趋势,对费用担保制度作出了重要的改革:取消了英国法院命令费用担保的权力,并将此项权力赋予仲裁庭.这无疑有利于促进伦敦海事仲裁中费用担保制度的高效运作,也更符合仲裁的本质和目的.     

伦敦国际航运中心应对金融危机的经验借鉴及对上海的启示

本次金融危机对国际航运产生了深远的影响,伦敦国际航运中心的航运服务部门就业岗位数量下降幅度接近四分之一,但对伦敦国际航运中心的全球领先地位影响不大。伦敦国际航运中心如何应对金融危机并继续保持全球航运业尤其是全球高端航运服务业的领先地位,对于上海国际航运中心应对目前的航运业不景气环境、增强全球资源配置能力和角逐航运高端服务市场具有明显的借鉴作用。     

伦敦世界城市建设的特征及对我国城市发展的启示

20世纪70年代以来,伦敦地方政府通过各项改革措施,成功实现了从世界文化古都向可持续发展的世界城市转变。伦敦建设世界城市的每个阶段都尤为注重规划;金融服务业为伦敦世界城市建设提供强大的发展引擎;多元完善的交通设施是伦敦成为世界城市的重要基础;国际多元文化中心、创意城市建设是伦敦世界城市软实力构成的核心;都市囤建设及大伦敦政府体制管理新模式是伦敦成为世界城市的重要保障;多层次的住房保障体系是伦敦世界城市吸引高端人群,增强宜居性的重要原因。伦敦的阶段性发展经验对我国一些大城市加快国际化进程建设有一定的启发意义。     

伦敦华人社群的身份认同——从文化遗产与文化记忆的角度分析

居住于海外的华人是典型的“异置者”（ displaced people ）,对于他们而言,维系其价值体系是一个动态的过程。本文通过对伦敦中国城的田野调查、日常生活的案例分析发现,居住在伦敦的华人仍然以一种中国的方式生活,并显现出很强的身份认同特点;其背后的隐性力量---中国的文化遗产成为其身份认同的主要内容,而文化记忆则是保留并延续中国文化遗产和身份认同的主要方式。同时,这一过程也在不断更新中传承于后代。     

从《荒野的呼唤》探析杰克·伦敦的生态主题

从生态批评的视角,分析、挖掘杰克.伦敦在《荒野的呼唤》中的生态观,即对文明的批判、对大自然价值的展现、对人类生存方向及人与自然关系的思考和探索。     

Rescuing from oblivion: social characteristics and career destinations of early British ‘sociology’ graduates, 1907–39

Those students who were among the first sociology graduates in the UK barely feature in standard histories of the discipline, which all have an intellectual and institutional focus. This article remedies this neglect by researching the social backgrounds and later careers of sociology graduates from the London School of Economics and Political Science [LSE] and Bedford College for Women from the first such graduate in 1907 until those graduating in the 1930s. Data for this exercise were compiled from a variety of sources. The more important are: UK censuses, especially that of 1911; various civil registration records; archived student files; and, for the graduates who entered university teaching, issues of the Yearbook of the Universities of the Empire [later the Commonwealth Universities' Yearbook]. The dataset includes all identified graduates in the BSc(Econ), Special Subject Sociology, degree from 1907 to 1935 and all in the BA (Honours) in Sociology degree from 1925 to 1939. LSE sociology graduates tended to be older and to have more cosmopolitan backgrounds, with fathers more likely than for Bedford College graduates to come from commercial rather than professional backgrounds. Both institutions' graduates' careers tended to the Civil Service and local government. LSE graduates gravitated to education, especially to higher education if male, whilst those of Bedford College went into welfare work, countering a stereotype from some previous literature that especially women graduates were heavily constrained to follow careers in schoolteaching. The article also gives comparisons with the social‐class profile and career destinations of several cohorts of postwar sociology graduates, noting a number of similarities.     

Multivariate stochastic volatility with Bayesian dynamic linear models

This paper develops a Bayesian procedure for estimation and forecasting of the volatility of multivariate time series. The foundation of this work is the matrix-variate dynamic linear model, for the volatility of which we adopt a multiplicative stochastic evolution, using Wishart and singular multivariate beta distributions. A diagonal matrix of discount factors is employed in order to discount the variances element by element and therefore allowing a flexible and pragmatic variance modelling approach. Diagnostic tests and sequential model monitoring are discussed in some detail. The proposed estimation theory is applied to a four-dimensional time series, comprising spot prices of aluminium, copper, lead and zinc of the London metal exchange. The empirical findings suggest that the proposed Bayesian procedure can be effectively applied to financial data, overcoming many of the disadvantages of existing volatility models.     

杰克·伦敦小说创作中的“狼”情结

杰克.伦敦是20世纪初美国文学最具批判精神的现实主义作家。《野性的呼唤》和《雪狼》是杰克.伦敦小说创作中"狼"情结的艺术体现。他对"狼"情结的执着有着深刻的文学渊源,"狼"主题小说具有特定的社会意义。     

《野性的呼唤》和《白牙》中的成长叙事主题探究

杰克·伦敦的多部小说都蕴含着成长小说的元素。结合成长小说的相关理论,通过对杰克·伦敦成长小说《野性的呼唤》和《白牙》的探究,分析其二元对立的独特叙事主题,旨在说明杰克·伦敦对传统成长小说的继承与开创,以期从新的角度展开对伦敦作品的思考。