物权变动公信力与善意取得关系考——兼议善意取得标的物范围通说之修正

文章从物权变动的公信力入手,考究了其与善意取得之关系,指出公示公信力是善意取得的理论依据,并对“善意取得标的物仅限于动产”之传统观念进行了批评,指出不动产亦可适用于善意取得.文章最后对可适用于善意取得的不动产进行了列举分析,反驳了某些不合理的观点.     

论政府采购法的颁行与政府形象的塑造

《中华人民共和国政府采购法》的施行 ,是我国社会经济生活中的一件大事 ,必将对我国塑造良好政府形象发挥特殊而又重要的作用。概括起来讲 ,它有利于树立现代政府的四种形象 ,即高效的政府形象、廉洁的政府形象、诚信的政府形象、开放的政府形象     

浅谈外资并购制度的立法完善

外资并购方式成为目前国际直接投资的新形式。外资并购行为既带来了资金、技术 ,又带来了一定的负面影响 ,如何科学高效地创建和完善我国外资并购法律已是当务之急     

Emergency purchasing situations: Implications for consumer decision-making

This article introduces the emergency purchasing situation (EPS) as a distinct buying context. EPSs stem from an unexpected event (unanticipated need or timing of a need), as well as high product importance, which are associated with a short time frame for consumer decision-making. Our conceptual review integrates largely disconnected strands of research and theories relevant to EPSs and offers a series of independent propositions to understand how these situations might affect consumer decision-making, specifically heuristic versus reflective information processing in product evaluation. We discuss changes induced by the buying context in terms of regulatory focus, perceived time pressure, and stress. Our propositions further account for purchase involvement in the form of product importance, purchase risk, and product substitutability. Finally, we consider how individual differences (expertise and trust) may affect evaluation processes. Our discussion reflects on the implications of our model, avenues for future research, and how an understanding of EPSs can be used to improve managerial practice.     

Bayesian Inference for Assessing Effects of Email Marketing Campaigns

Email marketing has been an increasingly important tool for today’s businesses. In this article, we propose a counting-process-based Bayesian method for quantifying the effectiveness of email marketing campaigns in conjunction with customer characteristics. Our model explicitly addresses the seasonality of data, accounts for the impact of customer characteristics on their purchasing behavior, and evaluates effects of email offers as well as their interactions with customer characteristics. Using the proposed method, together with a propensity-score-based unit-matching technique for alleviating potential confounding, we analyze a large email marketing dataset of an online ticket marketplace to evaluate the short- and long-term effectiveness of their email campaigns. It is shown that email offers can increase customer purchase rate both immediately and during a longer term. Customers’ characteristics such as length of shopping history, purchase recency, average ticket price, average ticket count, and number of genres purchased also affect customers’ purchase rate. A strong positive interaction is uncovered between email offer and purchase recency, suggesting that customers who have been inactive recently are more likely to take advantage of promotional offers. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.     

统购统销初期乡村政治动员的地方实践研究 ——以湖南省为中心的考察

20世纪50年代初期,为推动农村社会主义改造,中国共产党推行了统购统销政策。政策实施初期,面对这一新生事物,基层农民、干部的思想和行为呈现出担心、忧虑、违抗、抵触相互混杂的特点。为此,党和政府对乡村社会进行了全面、深度的政治动员。期间,出现了一些偏激化、极端化情况,基层干部的行为存在着程度不一的越位、错位和失位现象。     

Improved Methods for Estimating Flood Depth Exceedances Within Storm Surge Protection Systems

Contemporary studies conducted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers estimate probability distributions of flooding on the interior of ring levee systems by estimating surge exceedances at points along levee system boundaries, calculating overtopping volumes generated by this surface, then passing the resulting volumes of water through a drainage model to calculate interior flood depths. This approach may not accurately represent the exceedance probability of flood depths within the system interior; a storm producing 100‐year surge at one point is unlikely to simultaneously produce 100‐year surge levels everywhere around the system exterior. A conceptually preferred approach estimates surge and waves associated with a large set of storms. Each storm is run through the interior model separately, and the resulting flood depths are weighted by a parameterized likelihood of each synthetic storm. This results in an empirical distribution of flood depths accounting for geospatial variation in any individual storm's characteristics. This method can also better account for the probability of levee breaches or other system failures. The two methods can produce different estimates of flood depth exceedances and damage when applied to storm surge flooding in coastal Louisiana. Even differences in flood depth exceedances of less than 0.2 m can still produce large differences in projected damage. This article identifies and discusses differences in estimated flood depths and damage produced by each method within multiple Louisiana protection systems. The novel coupled dynamics approach represents a step toward enabling risk‐based design standards.     

Customization Strategies in Electronic Retailing: Implications of Customer Purchase Behavior*

In this article, we assess the implications of customer purchase behavior on customization in electronic retailing. We develop a classification scheme for customization strategies in electronic retailing. The classification scheme comprises three customization strategies: (i) transaction customization, (ii) decision customization, and (iii) product customization. We develop scales to measure each of the three customization strategies using a systematic four‐stage scale development process. Building on the extant literature on customer purchase behavior, we design an experiment to examine the alignment of the customization strategies with three well‐established product types: (i) convenience goods, (ii) shopping goods, and (iii) specialty goods, and its implications for customer value. The findings of the experiment indicate that there are significant differences in the customer value for the three customization strategies across the three product types. The contributions of the study, the managerial implications of the study findings, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.     

WTO《政府采购协议》与我国《政府采购法》的完善

作为WTO四个复边协议之一的<政府采购协定>,明确规定建立一个有效的有关政府采购法律、规则和措施方面的权利义务的多边框架,该协议就协议的适用范围,非歧视原则,限制竞争的方式,招标投标程序,质疑与争端解决等作了详细的规定.我国现已基本建立起政府采购体制,但我国政府采购立法仍存在某些问题.应该从立法上适当扩展采购主体的范围,进一步强化质疑保障机制,并强调原产地规则的灵活运用.     

The Dynamics of Pre‐ and Post‐purchase Service and Consumer Evaluation of Online Retailers: A Comparative Analysis of Dissonance and Disconfirmation Models*

This article explores the theoretical underpinnings of the dissonance framework in online consumer satisfaction formation process. Specifically, we suggest that any discrepancy between pre‐ and post‐purchase service performance would help determine consumers’ evaluations of online vendors. Drawing upon cognitive dissonance theory, a conceptual model is developed and tested in two different studies (preliminary and main studies). Using data from 191 college students collected longitudinally, the preliminary study demonstrates the validity and reliability of the measurements. Using a comparative analysis, the main study then tests our conceptual model as well as various competing models, including the expectation–confirmation model, with a sample of 292 online consumers. The results in both studies support our main prediction that the service encountered in different stages establishes dissonance. Specifically, we find that dissonance explains online consumers’ satisfaction process to a substantial extent, as compared with disconfirmation under the same conditions in online retailers. This study contributes to providing an alternative yet substantial approach for expectation–confirmation theory, reflecting the overarching nature of online shopping.