加快我国服务贸易发展的战略对策

我国服务贸易起步于20世纪80年代,虽然起步较晚但发展速度较快。目前我国服务业对外开放水平进一步提高,部分新兴服务贸易领域加快发展,出口增速正在赶超发达国家,服务贸易已具备了快速发展的条件。但同时我国的服务贸易发展总体仍比较落后,存在着服务贸易部门结构不平衡等诸多问题。文章分析了当前我国服务贸易的发展状况,针对当前所存在的突出问题,提出加快我国服务贸易发展的战略措施。     

基于核心制造规范的外包决策模型及实证研究

本文将制造规范概念引入外包决策,从考虑企业长期绩效和长期竞争力的角度提出了一个以制造规范核心度和流失度为控制变量的二维外包决策模型。决策模型将外包环境分为九种类型,涵盖了从内部制造、各种形式的外包,到简单采购等所有"买或做"的决策,尤其是对介于自制与简单采购之间灰色地带的外包,给出了考虑提供制造规范主体和供应商类型的不同类型合作和联盟治理结构策略。对四个不同类型的企业典型产品近1000个零件的外包决策进行了统计分析,实证了模型的有效性。模型对现实世界观察到的制造企业由于没有按照其中规律行事而导致失败的原因做出了合理而明确解释。     

服务外包基地城市BPO发展模式分析

以首批服务外包基地城市:大连、成都、上海、深圳、西安为对象,分析了这5个城市的BPO发展状况和发展模式,指出每种模式的特色之处,对西安进行了SWOT分析,旨在为其他城市发展BPO面临的模式选择问题提供参考。     

Global economy of signs and selves: A view of work regimes in call centers in the Philippines

Reflecting on the global nature of third-party offshore call center and its implications on the agent, this piece is an account of the researcher's own experience, observations, and interactions as a call center worker. Using the theoretical frame Global economy of signs and selves, weaving ideas from Scott Lash and John Urry, Pierre Bourdieu and Erving Goffman, the study looks at some dimensions and conditions of global service work experienced by Filipino agents. With the relocation of accounts offshore, call centers in the Philippines have given rise to a growing section of society required by the imperatives of their work to “defy” time and space, synchronizing their cycles and routines according to the rhythms and cycles of a distant social dimension and the imperatives of globalized production. Although relocation has allowed firms to reduce costs and make use of cheaper labor, the distance traversed by this new call center platform comes with some hidden costs, borne by workers, who may themselves take these other forms of work they deliver for granted. Highlighting under-emphasized, undervalued and misrecognized aspects of call center work, the study attempts to link the global, the local and the personal, while emphasizing the social and symbolic work involved in call center production.     

国外港口物流发展对连云港港口物流发展的启示

连云港港口物流的发展对连云港市及所在区域经济的发展具有重要的促进作用。本文立足连云港独特的地缘优势,分析了连云港目前的物流发展现状,在借鉴鹿特丹港和新加坡港的物流发展模式及相关经验的基础上,提出连云港应以加快港口与加工业联合发展,积极发展物流增值服务,完善集疏运体系为物流发展的重点方向。     

Quality Management in Multi‐Level Supply Chains with Outsourced Manufacturing

Outsourcing stretches supply chains longer with added contract manufacturers responsible for the manufacturing of parts and final products. Should a firm change its quality management approach as its supply chain becomes longer with outsourced manufacturing? This paper studies a brand owner's optimal choice between two commonly used quality management approaches: an inspection‐based approach and an external failure‐based approach, in two supply chains – a dyadic supply chain and a multi‐level supply chain where the brand owner outsources manufacturing to an independent contract manufacturer. Our study finds that the brand owner's optimal choice between the two quality management approaches could be opposite in the two supply chains. Specifically, we show that if agency costs exist between the contract manufacturer and the brand owner, the brand owner may prefer an inspection‐based approach in the multi‐level supply chain in contrast to preferring an external failure‐based approach in the dyadic supply chain. In particular, inspections can be effective for the brand owner to limit the manufacturer's profit by excluding defective finished products and components, which in turn reduce agency costs in the multi‐level supply chain. Hence, the efficiency of an inspection‐based approach relative to an external failure‐based approach can be higher in the multi‐level supply chain as compared to the dyadic one. Our findings suggest that firms should adjust to changes in supply chain structures and re‐evaluate the efficiencies of different quality management approaches accordingly.     

Work Design and Integration Glitches in Globally Distributed Technology Projects

In a technology project, project integration represents the pooling together of complete, interdependent task modules to form a physical product or software delivering a desired functionality. This study develops and tests a conceptual framework that examines the interrelationships between the elements of work design, project integration challenges, and project performance. We identify two distinct elements of work design in technology projects: (i) the type of project organization based on whether a technology project spans a firm boundary (Domestic‐Outsourcing) or a country boundary (Offshore‐Insourcing) or both boundaries (Offshore‐Outsourcing) or no boundaries (Domestic‐Insourcing), and (ii) the joint coordination practices among key stakeholders in a technology project—namely, Onsite Ratio and Joint‐Task Ownership. Next, we measure the effectiveness of project integration using integration glitches that capture the incompatibility among interdependent task modules during project integration. Based on analysis of data from 830 technology projects, the results highlight the differential effects of distributed project organizations on integration glitches. Specifically, we find that project organizations that span both firm and country boundaries (Offshore‐Outsourcing) experience significantly higher levels of integration glitches compared to domestic project organizations (Domestic‐Outsourcing and Domestic‐Insourcing). The results further indicate that the relationship between project organization type and integration glitches is moderated by the extent of joint coordination practices in a project. That is, managers can actively lower integration glitches by increasing the levels of onsite ratio and by promoting higher levels of joint‐task ownership, particularly in project organization types that span both firm and country boundaries (Offshore‐Outsourcing). Finally, the results demonstrate the practical significance of studying integration glitches by highlighting its significant negative effect on project performance.     

大连软件服务外包产业发展的现状、优势与建议

针对大连逐渐成为承接国际服务外包产业转移的重要基地的现状,指出大连具有发展软件外包的区位优势、人才优势、产业优势及政策优势,探讨大连目前发展软件外包产业存在的问题,提出提高大连本土企业竞争力、加强人才培养、改善投资软环境和提供政策支持等进一步发展大连软件外包的建议.     

Revisiting the outsourcing debate: two sides of the same story

Although outsourcing of organisational functions has become a popular practice amongst organisations, the literature provides a myopic and simplistic view of the phenomenon by focusing on either single functions or taking monadic views of a single party. The design of our study overcomes these weaknesses by including the following features: a range of organisational functions were included; the unit of analysis was the outsourcing contract; the level of analysis was at the dyadic level where both service providers and receivers presented their views and the approach was a qualitative one. In practice, this involved interviews with managers in service receiving and providing organisations that were in charge of 10 separate outsourcing arrangements. Using agency theory as a theoretical anchor, we contribute to the outsourcing debate by highlighting its complexity and areas of convergence and divergence between service receivers and providers, thereby suggesting a contingent approach towards implementation of outsourcing arrangements.     

服务业外包的福利效应分析

在服务业外包业务快速增长的前提下,发达国家与发展中国家关于服务业外包效应问题的争论日益激烈。利用制造业外包的理论模型对服务业外包的福利效应进行分析,可以证明服务业外包对发达国家就业的消极影响是非常小的,从长期看反而可以增加其对技术型工人的相对需求。即服务业外包可以带来外包输出国和外包承接国的经济增长和福利提高。