IT外包中知识转移影响因素的元分析

IT外包过程本身就是知识转移的过程,因此在IT外包的研究中有很多关于IT外包知识转移的实证研究,然而研究的结论却不尽相同。文章通过建立IT外包知识转移影响因素概念模型,利用元分析方法定量综述IT外包知识转移与其影响因素的研究现状,探讨知识、转移主体、转移情境、转移媒介等特性对IT外包过程知识转移的影响,以期综合并统一IT外包中知识转移的各影响因素的研究结论,快速有效地沉淀知识转移的相关理论,并为今后的研究和实践管理提出建议。     

西部地区发展服务外包的条件、作用及路径选择——基于印度的经验

服务外包是在全球范围内发生的以现代服务业以及高端制造和研发环节转移为主要特征的新一轮产业转移的表现形式,是现代服务业的重要组成部分.服务外包以人力资源优势为基础、信息技术网络为支撑,充分体现信息承载度高、能源资源消耗少、附加值大等特点.文章分析了印度发展服务外包的成功经验,认为发展服务外包有利于发挥中国西部地区人力资源比较优势,提升对外开放水平和产业层次,形成新的产业支撑,实现西部地区跨越式发展.最后提出发展西部地区服务外包的对策建议.     

多部件采购外包的两阶段均衡投标策略

本文考虑一个由单个制造商和多个供应商群体组成的供应链——该制造商需要采购多个部件,对于每个部件在市场上均存在多个供应商。不同于传统的从各供应商群体分别采购各个部件,制造商考虑将所有部件的采购整体外包给某个供应商。在第一阶段,制造商使用一级价格密封投标的逆向拍卖来确定赢得整体采购合约的供应商。接下来,第一阶段投标的获胜者生产其所能供应的部件,并使用逆向拍卖向第一阶段中未获胜的其他竞标者采购其余部件。我们分析了供应商在两个阶段的均衡竞价策略,并比较了制造商在亲自逐件采购和外包整体采购两种情况下的期望采购成本。我们证明了在两种机制下制造商的总的期望采购成本相等。     

How Provider Selection and Management Contribute to Successful Innovation Outsourcing: An Empirical Study at Siemens

It is becoming increasingly common to involve external technology providers in developing new technologies and new products. Two important phases involved in working with technology vendors are vendor selection and vendor management. Because for both steps theory development of key decision guidelines is still immature, we use detailed case studies of 31 innovation outsourcing projects at Siemens to develop grounded theory on provider selection criteria and on project management success drivers. A selection criterion often associated with successful outsourcing is the provider's “track record” or previous experience. Our cases suggest that there is no standard “track record” for success but that a “match” between the client firm's outsourcing motivation and the provider's strengths appears to be a necessary condition for a successful outsourcing collaboration. As to the second phase—managing the vendor—we identify a number of operational project success drivers. There seems to be no universal checklist, but the most important drivers seem to be contingent on the type of vendor chosen and on the maturity of the technology. We compare five provider types—universities, competitors, customers, start‐up companies, and component suppliers—and find that some success drivers are common to all providers, while others are relevant only for certain types of provider. Moreover, drivers in the case of a mature technology are more focused on successful transfer to manufacturing than on development itself. Our findings offer guidelines for innovation managers on how to select innovation providers and how to manage them during the project.     

Task Trade Between Similar Countries

We propose a theory of task trade between countries that have similar relative factor endowments and technological capabilities, but may differ in size. Firms produce differentiated goods by performing a continuum of tasks, each of which generates local spillovers. Tasks can be performed at home or abroad, but offshoring entails costs that vary by task. In equilibrium, the tasks with the highest offshoring costs may not be traded. Among the remainder, those with the relatively higher offshoring costs are performed in the country that has the higher wage and the higher aggregate output. We discuss the relationship between equilibrium wages, equilibrium outputs, and relative country size.     

不确定条件下的IT外包时机选择问题研究

IT外包的业务环境、技术环境和需求的不确定性往往会引起IT服务成本的不确定性。针对IT服务成本的不确定性和IT外包投资的不可逆性,运用传统净现值方法和实物期权方法比较固定价格合同、成本加成定价合同和收益共享合同3种常见合同的外包临界值,分析3种合同下客户企业的等待价值,并讨论客户企业推迟外包情形时的等待时间。研究结果表明,实物期权方法得出的外包临界值高于净现值方法得出的外包临界值;等待价值随无风险利率的增大而减小,随漂移率、变动率的增大而增大;当漂移率与变动率平方的比值大于二分之一时,客户企业选择外包的期望等待时间受无风险利率、漂移率和变动率的影响,其他情形下客户企业的期望等待时间不受无风险利率、漂移率和变动率的影响。研究结论为不确定条件下客户企业外包与否和外包时机的选择提供理论支持和实践指导。     

Outsourcing Competition and Information Sharing with Asymmetrically Informed Suppliers

This paper studies an outsourcing problem where two service providers (suppliers) compete for the service contract from a client. The suppliers face uncertain cost for providing the service because they do not have perfect information about the client's type. The suppliers receive differential private signals about the client type and thus compete under asymmetric information. We first characterize the equilibrium of the supplier competition. Then we investigate two of the client's information sharing decisions. It is shown that less information asymmetry between the suppliers may dampen their competition. Therefore, the client does not necessarily have the incentive to reduce information asymmetry between the suppliers. We characterize the conditions under which leveling the informational ground is beneficial to the client. We also find that under the presence of information asymmetry (e.g., when the suppliers have different learning abilities), sharing more information with both suppliers may enhance the advantage of one supplier over the other and at the same time increase the upper bound of the suppliers' quotes in equilibrium. Consequently, the suppliers compete less aggressively and the client's payoff decreases in the amount of shared information. The findings from this study provide useful managerial implications on information management for outsourcing firms.     

Everything changes to stay the same: persistent global health inequalities amidst new therapeutic opportunities and mobilities for Filipino nurses

ABSTRACT

The global migration of Filipino nurses has received significant attention, yet little is known of these healthcare workers’ experiences and mobilities within the Philippines. I explore the experiences and narratives of Filipino nurses living in Manila, some of whom have no desires to migrate. I uncover the often novel forms of therapeutic mobilities undertaken by these nurses, focusing on call centre nursing and entrepreneurship as key alternative career pathways within the realms of ‘therapeutics’. Through interrogating the various mobilities undertaken by nurses – physical mobilities and migration, socioeconomic mobilities and occupational mobilities in the form of a career change – it becomes clear that international physical mobility is no longer key. Nevertheless, Filipino nurses continue to provide care in global contexts in novel ‘therapeutic’ industries and doing so allows them to increase their socioeconomic mobility.     

规模化经营与农户农机服务选择——基于服务需求与供给的二维视角

在经营规模扩大和农业劳动力成本上升的背景下,参与农业社会化服务市场成为农户优化资源配置的理想选择,而农户市场参与行为不仅包含服务需求（购买服务）,还可能包括服务供给（提供服务）。基于服务需求和供给的二维视角,采用江苏省534个家庭农场调研数据和双变量Probit模型,实证分析了家庭农场的服务选择行为。研究结果表明：规模经营下家庭农场既购买服务也对外提供服务,且两种行为不是孤立的,而是存在着相关关系;经营规模与服务需求以及经营规模与服务供给之间不是简单的线性关系,而是呈现出显著的倒“U”型关系;影响家庭农场服务需求和供给的因素具有较大的差异性。具体而言,服务需求受到性别、年龄、农机价值、规模经营年限、流转租金以及正规信贷规模的影响,而服务供给除受上述因素影响外,还与农场主受教育水平、农场类型、土地经营条件以及农业技术培训等变量相关。因此,推进农地规模经营应与农业社会化服务体系建设密切结合;要关注家庭农场的服务供给功能,鼓励其兼职化提供服务;做好政策扶持工作以提升家庭农场的服务自给与供给能力。     

MF-多源治疗仪对高血脂大鼠血脂的影响

目的建立高血脂模型,探讨MF-多源治疗仪对高血脂大鼠各项血脂的影响。方法 wistar大鼠随机分为正常组和高血脂组。正常组用普通饲料饲养,高血脂组用高脂饲料喂养,喂养20天建立高血脂模型。模型建立后,重新分组,原正常组剩下的大鼠仍然是正常组(Ⅰ组),原高血脂组剩下的大鼠随机分成高血脂模型组(Ⅱ组)和MF-多源治疗仪照射组(Ⅲ组),其中Ⅲ组在MF-多源治疗仪照射15天后,对大鼠血脂水平、血液的生化指标和血流变学指标进行分析。结果表明:Ⅱ组与Ⅰ组比较,谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、总蛋白、白蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、全血粘度、全血还原粘度、红细胞聚集指数等指标均有明显差异(P<0.05);Ⅲ组与Ⅱ组比较,谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、总蛋白、白蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、全血粘度、全血还原粘度、红细胞聚集指数原等指标均有明显差异(P<0.05),而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高极显著(P<0.01)。这表明MF-多源治疗仪照射对高血脂症有良好的保健效果,对心血管疾病有预防作用。