Alternative systems of ethics and their application to education and evaluation

Three schools of moral thought are presented to illustrate differences in moral reasoning and the assignment of value claims. Several educational program alternatives are used as illustrations of moral reasoning within and across the schools of thought. Finally, the schools of moral thought are used in a discussion of evaluation practice. Good practice in the current evaluation literature is shown to be a blend of the three schools of thought.     

论祢衡的悲剧人生

汉魏之际的祢衡以出众的文才、特行独立自主奔放的品性、蔑视权贵怪异无忌的言行,享誉士林。这一切恰恰不适宜官场的生存,而他又偏偏期望在官场实现人生价值,这就注定了他的人生只能走向悲剧的结局。他的文学作品少而精,一篇《鹦鹉赋》使他在文学史上占有一席之地。     

A disaggregated model of world production and trade: An estimate of the impact of the Tokyo Round

We present in this paper a computational model of world production, trade, and employment that is disaggregated by country and sector and report on the application of the model to the changes in tariffs and quantifiable nontariff barriers negotiated in the Tokyo Round that was concluded in 1979. The model incorporates supply and demand functions and market-clearing conditions for 22 tradable industries, plus markets for 7 nontradable industries, in each of the 18 major industrialized countries and 16 major developing countries. The equations of the model are presented in the text and the explicit functional forms in an appendix. The implementation of the model is discussed briefly.Application of the model to the Tokyo Round suggested that there will be small but beneficial effects on trade, domestic prices, and economic welfare in practically all the major industrialized countries and in some of the major developing countries. Because many of the NTB codes negotiated in the Tokyo Round were stated in advisory terms, their impact cannot be evaluated unambiguously at present. Further, many existing NTBs of importance were exempted altogether from the negotiations. The Tokyò Round must be viewed accordingly as having dealt with a somewhat limited part of all interferences with trade.     

A multi-dimensional client satisfaction instrument

Development of a client satisfaction measure through successive factor analyses is described. Five factors, each defined by five items and accounting for at least 11% of the total variance, were identified and replicated. A single second order factor also emerged in both studies. Reliability of the second order factor, and of three of the first order factors is sufficient for most purposes. The second order factor, which is a linear combination of the first order factors, was not significantly correlated with sex, age, race, or number of attempts made before receiving a client response. The distribution of scores was highly skewed, with most respondents scoring near the upper (satisfied) end.     

多元智能理论在农科院校创新性人才培养中的教学实践探索

结合西南大学荣昌校区教育教学改革的实际,对农科院校创新性人才培养的途径、方法进行了一些探索和实践。提出了构建以“厚基础、宽口径、会经营、善管理、能创新”为目标的人才培养方案;建立“专家引领 教师带动 学生参与”的大学生智能培养体系;建立以“教师大课题为主轴 学生小项目为支撑”的校园科研互动互惠网络体系;举办“博新实训”教改试点班;建立“8 1”校企联合体等5个方面的教育教学实践来培养学生的创新素质和能力的具体做法和思路。     

Social policy evaluation: An example from drinking age legislation

This article represents an exploration into issues relevant to the application of evaluation methodologies and theories to the social policy arena. A number of evaluation approaches and issues are explored in the context of an illustrative policy example — that of the legislative changes in minimum legal drinking age in the state of Michigan. This effort is directed towards the goal of furthering the solution of social problems through effective involvement of evaluation strategies in social policy development.     

Standard setting: the crucial issues. A case study of accounting & auditing

A study of standard-setting efforts in accounting and auditing is reported. The study reveals four major areas of concern in a professional standard-setting effort: (1) issues related to the rationale for setting standards, (2) issues related to the standard-setting board and its support structure, (3) issues related to the content of standards and rules for generating them, and (4) issues that deal with how standards are put to use. Principles derived from the study of accounting and auditing are provided to illuminate and assess standard-setting efforts in evaluation.     

西方传媒产业的政府规制及其对我国的启示

由于传媒市场的失灵和传媒的技术特征、传播特征,西方国家大多对传媒产业实行独立的政府规制。我国由于长期重视传媒产业的意识形态属性,所以对传媒产业的规制更有其特殊性。西方传媒产业的政府规制模式不同,经历了不同的发展阶段,但也呈现出一些共同的特点。中西传媒产业规制的发展都遵循一些普遍原则,因此我国应立足于转轨经济的现实,借鉴西方传媒产业规制的经验,构建出适合我国的政府规制体系。     

不同学科维度的企业理念及其研究价值

企业理念作为对企业发展具有指导意义的价值体系或观念系统,通过企业行为识别系统和企业视觉识别系统等中介在企业产生经济社会效益。企业理念在企业发展中到底具有什么价值,如何形成这些价值,应当如何更全面有效地引导企业认识和与时俱进地构建或重塑企业理念识别系统,本文为此从经济学、管理学、文化学、系统科学等与之密切相关的学科维度进行了述评与分析探讨。