4-6岁幼儿社会戏剧游戏水平调查研究

本研究以68名幼儿为研究对象，运用《游戏检核表》对其社会戏剧游戏水平进行调查，研究发现：4-6岁幼儿角色扮演、口语交流、互动和同伴支持水平高，游戏时间充分；但物品假装、如何进入游戏小组、问题解决和轮流技能较低。教师应通过明确自身角色、丰富幼儿游戏材料和经验、提升幼儿语言能力和社会交往技能促进幼儿社会戏剧游戏发展。     

“课考融合”式英语专业基础英语课改革

新TEM4（Test for English Majors）在题量、时长、内容及能力四个方面进行了改革,倾向于测量学生的英语综合运用能力。新TEM4在检查学生是否达到了大纲所规定的各项英语专业基础阶段的技能要求和教学质量评估方面有高度的信度和效度。研究显示：在所有的基础阶段专业技能课程中,基础英语课和TEM4互动最大;选择优秀教材并将基础英语课的教学手段———听写、背诵、课堂陈述和语篇分析和TEM4测试内容进行和谐地融合,不仅能大力提高4级过关率,还能促进基础英语课教学质量的提高。     

India's demand for international reserve and monetary disequilibrium: Reserve adequacy under floating regime

The main aim of this study is to investigate India's demand for international reserve by focusing on the role of national monetary disequilibrium and to present new benchmarks for assessing the adequacy of international reserves. We assessed India's position in terms of reserve adequacy and found that India is well placed and has sufficient stock of international reserves to meet the minimum adequacy requirements. Also, the results reveal that the central bank is holding substantial excess reserves and the related opportunity cost (1.5% of GDP) appears to be quite considerable. Further, the estimates of reserve demand function suggest that scale of foreign trade, uncertainty and profitability considerations play significant role in determining India's long-term reserve demand policies. More importantly, validating the monetary approach to balance of payment, our results show that national monetary disequilibrium does play a crucial role in short-run reserve movements. An excess of money demand (supply) induces an inflow (outflow) of international reserves with an elasticity of 0.56 which also implies that Reserve Bank of India responds to correct the domestic money market disequilibrium; and did not just leave it completely on the mercy of reserve inflows.     

Curved versus straight scissors to avoid 3rd and 4th degree perineal tears: A randomised feasibility study

BackgroundSevere perineal tears sustained during childbirth cause significant distress and morbidity amongst women. The objective of this study was to compare the use of straight scissors for cutting an episiotomy with the use of curved scissors, which are designed to curve away from the anal sphincter.MethodsWe used a single-centre, randomised feasibility trial. The intervention was the use of curved scissors. Women were recruited during a prenatal visit and randomised in the delivery suite, when it became clear that an episiotomy was required. The feasibility outcomes were the proportion of women able to be recruited, randomised and followed up. We also calculated the incidence of obstetric anal sphincter injury when either straight or curved scissors were used to cut an episiotomy. Other outcomes assessed were pain, length of hospital stay, perineal infection and perineal dehiscence.ResultsOf the 155 patients recruited in the prenatal period, only 20 (12.9%) were eventually randomised at birth. The main reasons for the high loss were that women either did not have a vaginal delivery (38, 24.5%), or they did not need an episiotomy (72, 46.5%). Rates of obstetric anal sphincter injury and other outcomes were similar between groups.DiscussionAnal sphincter injury during childbirth remains an important problem. Although the use of curved scissors provides a theoretical solution, we found that the high attrition rate made feasibility of conducting a suitably powered, randomised trial using the current design untenable. Alternative strategies have been suggested to make any future study more viable.     

对华北油田勘探历程的再认识

华北油田是我国最早发现古潜山海相碳酸盐岩油气藏的地方,也是产量骤起骤降幅度最大的一个油田,它的勘探过程中蕴含着太多丰富的经验值得总结.从任4井发现的细节入手进行回顾,对华北油田勘探经验中的古潜山、碳酸盐岩、震旦系灰岩等关键问题进行了深入思考.指出按有机成油论的学说很难将华北油田的历史经验深入总结下去,应按无机成油论的观点,对华北油田的历史经验进行再认识.     

五四时期张竞生关于性文化的主张

在五四时期的思想家群体中,张竞生是非常引人注目的。他留学法国8年,广泛研究多种学科的理论,形成比较系统的关于性文化的思想,其中主要包括节制生育、优生优育、性教育等方面。这些思想是五四时期激进知识分子探索中国社会进步途径的一个方面,对于社会变迁和文化进步具有积极意义。     

浅析五四精神的继承与发扬——以五四精神淬炼新时代青年的理想信念

100多年以前,我国爆发了伟大的五四运动,青年是发起五四运动的主力军,在五四运动中起了关键作用,表现出了大无畏的牺牲精神、敢为天下先的精神和强烈的爱国主义精神.从此,青年在广阔的历史舞台上活跃起来,开启了青年发起进步运动的先河.当代青年应继承和发扬五四精神,为实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦而不懈奋斗.     

浅谈建筑幕墙设计中的成本控制

建筑幕墙成本控制的重点在设计阶段 ,设计方案对成本的控制是决定性的。设计对项目成本的控制是战略性、全局性的 ,而施工过程的管理对项目成本的控制是战术性、局部性的。幕墙设计中如何达到控制成本的目的至关重要。把技术与经济融为一体 ,在设计中既保证幕墙安全、实用、美观 ,又做到控制和降低成本 ,是施工企业适应市场的关键     

Patterns of alcohol use and marijuana use among students at 2- and 4-year institutions

Objective: The objective of this study was to understand substance use patterns of alcohol, marijuana, and simultaneous alcohol and marijuana (SAM) use among 2- and 4-year college students. Participants: Participants were 526 young adults aged 18–23 (n?=?355 4-year students; n?=?171 2-year students) recruited from February 2015 to January 2016 who were participating in a larger longitudinal study. Methods: Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify past-month classes of alcohol, marijuana, and SAM use. Results: Among both 2- and 4-year students, a four-class solution yielded the best-fitting model, with 2-year classes tending to include greater marijuana use and less alcohol use and 4-year classes tending to include heavy alcohol use. Demographic characteristics were largely similar across classes. Conclusions: Classes of alcohol, marijuana, and SAM use differed by education status. Screening and prevention efforts for 4-year students may need to be tailored for the needs of 2-year students.     

Innovative approaches to regulating decent work for domestic workers in Côte d'Ivoire: Labour administration and the judiciary under a general labour code

The authors offer a contextualized analysis of judicial decisions rendered during 1971–2013 in Côte d'Ivoire, where domestic work is regulated by a general labour code. Assessments of those decisions, alongside qualitative interviews of institutional actors, elucidate how innovative practices were mainly derived from the code by attentive inspectors and by jurisprudence evolving to treat domestic work like any other. Yet limitations emanating from the inability to grapple with the specificity of domestic work are also identified. Reaffirming that the regulation of domestic work must embrace its duality (work like any other and work like no other), the authors conclude with a call for an international community of learning on decent work for domestic workers.