上海市人口态势与对策

上海市目前的人口态势主要表现为:持续的人口自然变动负增长;由于流动人口的增加,上海市人口总量依然增长迅速;人口老龄化进一步加剧。因此,上海市的人口与计划生育工作面临诸多挑战。对流动人口应采取网络化管理;对老龄人口的养老问题应采取调整生育政策等对策。     

试论彝族社会传统家庭教育的特点

彝族社会传统家庭教育是指彝族地区没有进入社会主义之前,凉山地区则特指1956年实行民主改革以前的彝族的家庭教育。彝族的家庭教育的产生是彝族社会发展到一定阶段的产物。彝族社会传统家庭教育具有阶层性,等级性、早期性的显著特点,既注重实践,提倡学以致用,又注重言传身教,潜移默化,并根据不同的年龄阶段施以不同的教育内容。     

外来流动人口计划生育工作问题的探讨

昆山市是苏南地区经济较发达、外来流动人口较多的县级市.外来人口不仅逐年增多、量大,而且持证率、计生率、计划外生育处结率都较低.其原因主要是外来人口生育观念滞后,管理工作不规范等5个方面原因.建议采取强化政府行为、实行现居住地管理、改革考核指标、保障经费、依法管理5项措施.     

焦点解决短期咨询与学校心理辅导

焦点解决短期心理咨询是近年来形成并在世界范围迅速崛起的一个短期咨询学派.本文在对焦点解决短期心理咨询介绍的基础上,探讨了焦点解决短期心理咨询在学校环境中的适用性,并构建了一个整合家庭咨询、系统方法和教育实践的综合模型.最后就焦点解决短期心理咨询在学校心理辅导中的应用提出了几点问题和建议.     

Child support guidelines: Economic theory and policy considerations

Federal legislation has mandated that all states develop numeric guidelines for child support awards in divorce and paternity suits. The purpose of this article is to review the theoretical models currently used in guidelines development and to present an analysis of issues pertinent to the development and use of guidelines. A familiarity with the principles underlying child support guidelines will assist family scientists who may be called upon to provide expertise on this public policy issue.Barbara R. Rowe is Family Resource Management Extension Specialist, College of Family Life, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-2949. Her research interests include the economics of divorce and at-home-income-generation. She received her Ph.D. from Oregon State University.     

Trauma, coping resources, and family functioning in emergency services personnel: A comparative study

In this study a sample of male, shift-working, operational ambulance officers were compared with a group of male shift-workers from a range of occupations in which exposure to traumatic events was not inherent in the role ( N = 71). Three dimensions of family functioning were examined: intimacy, conflict, and parenting styles, with respect to occupational type (i.e. work-related exposure to trauma) and accounting for personal resources (coping). Personal resources were found to have a significant impact on the dimensions of family functioning. Furthermore, differences emerged in the pattern of coping between the two groups. Ambulance officers demonstrated a more varied repertoire of personal resources than the control group. Social support was found to be the sole predictor of intimacy and conflict levels in the control sample. However, in the ambulance group social support was predictive of intimacy levels, rational-cognitive strategies were predictive of conflict levels, and self-care, social support, and rational-cognitive strategies were all significantly correlated with the three dimensions of family functioning.     

Using sibling data to understand the impact of family group decision-making on child welfare outcomes

Few studies have examined the impact of family group decision-making (FGDM) on child welfare outcomes. Studies in this area have often suffered from small sample sizes and lack of adequate comparison groups. Since FGDM is administered at the family level, sibling data provides an ideal way to compensate for small sample sizes and low enrollment rates in research evaluating FGDM. This study utilized sibling data from California's Title IV-E Waiver Demonstration Project Evaluation in Fresno and Riverside Counties to compare child welfare outcomes for children of families randomly assigned to receive FGDM (Fresno County, n = 110; Riverside County, n = 87) to children of families assigned to receive traditional child welfare services (Fresno County, n = 74; Riverside County, n = 52). After controlling for clustering effects using general estimating equations (GEE), group differences in child maltreatment, placement stability, and permanence were modeled using linear and logistic regression. Outcomes from both counties suggested no group differences. Though neutral outcomes on child welfare indicators may bring into question FGDM's efficacy for changing child welfare outcomes, this study confirms previous findings with smaller sample sizes on the impact of FGDM and demonstrates a methodological improvement over individual or family-case analyses.     

What makes motherhood so expensive?: The role of social expectations, interdependence, and coordination failure in explaining lower wages of mothers

This paper utilizes expectations imposed by society to explain lower wages of mothers compared to non-mothers in the labor market. Social expectation, interdependence between mothers’ labor supply and childcare services, and lack of coordination between employers, employees (mothers), and childcare services explain how an economy can be caught in a ‘trap’ exhibiting large wage differences. Higher levels of human capital, increased coordination along with affordable childcare services in a more modern economy allows for specialization, increasing returns, and the possibility for a better outcome due to multiple equilibria.     

中国家族企业的发展优势及代理权问题的探讨

对家族企业的家族治理结构及其代理权问题学界存在着许多的认识误区,有必要对其进行理论研究确证。作者认为中国家族企业具有巨大的潜在发展优势,家族企业的家族治理与现代企业制度并无本质的区别,是治理企业的手段而不是目的。家族成员代理与非家族成员代理无显著差异,甚至家族成员代理的效率与效果在一定程度上优于非家族成员的代理。     

Kinship care for children in the UK: messages from research,lessons for policy and practice1

This article presents a comprehensive overview of kinship care, or as it is also known, family and friends care, paying particular attention to the UK child welfare, legal, policy/practice contexts. The aim of the article is to raise awareness, and provide information, about a hitherto largely invisible, yet expanding placement option being widely used in child welfare systems in the UK, in Europe and elsewhere. The article places kinship care within a UK and European child welfare legal context, including the European Convention on Human Rights 1998 [Articles 8 and 14] and European kinship care developments are also highlighted. It contains the main findings of a kinship care research study conducted by the author, based on interviews with children and young people living with kinship carers, as well as with the kinship carers. Following an examination of theoretical and policy issues, the article examines ways forward for developing and supporting kinship care. In the final section, and based on the research findings and literature review, a new paradigm for child welfare is introduced. It is argued that this new paradigm is necessary in order for kinship care practice and policy to develop within a supported and sustainable family support framework.