自然平淡 悱恻动人——论归有光家庭散文的风格

归有光的家庭散文风格独特,主要表现在三个方面:一、具有浓郁的世俗人情美;二、具有“含不尽之意见于言外”的含蓄美;三、具有清新质朴的语言朴素美。     

从《尔雅·释亲》看当时女性的家庭角色和地位

《尔雅·释亲》作为我国最早研究亲属关系的专著和"总表",收集了反映古代家族关系的亲属称谓100个,为我们了解当时的亲属文化提供了宝贵资料。笔者不揣谫陋,拟从亲属关系分类及所释词范围特点、亲属称谓词的释义体例、特殊词的细论三个方面探讨《尔雅·释亲》凸显出的当时妇女地位:以"男性本位"为主导,为人母者地位最高,为人妻(妾)者地位最低,为人女者介于两者之间。     

Decisional conflict among Chinese family caregivers regarding nursing home placement of older adults with dementia

Purpose: To describe factors influencing decisional conflict among Chinese family caregivers regarding nursing home placement of older adults with dementia. Design and Methods: Individual interviews were used to collect data with 30 Chinese family caregivers of older adults with dementia in Taiwan. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Factors influencing caregivers' decisional conflict included the Chinese value of filial piety, limited financial resources and information, placement willingness of the older adult, family disagreement, distrust of nursing home care quality, and limited nursing home availability. Factors influencing caregivers' decisional conflict post placement included disappointment with nursing home care quality and self-blame for the placement decision. Implications: Findings resulting from this study indicate that Chinese family caregivers experience decisional conflict during the nursing home decision making process as well as after the placement decision. It is important to provide appropriate decision support beginning before admission and across the trajectory of the older person's nursing home stay in order to decrease decisional conflict and facilitate a more positive decision making process for caregivers, family members, and older adults with dementia.     

凉山新农村建设中的彝族习惯法因素探析

凉山彝族习惯法在凉山新农村建设中具有不可忽视的重要作用。凉山彝族习惯法与传统伦理道德的结合,深入彝族社会,其公开性、凝聚力和向心力,具有广泛的约束作用。凉山彝族家支浓厚的民族道德色彩、注重家支以及家庭内部和睦,在调解民间纠纷、化解社会矛盾、维护社会稳定、促进社会和谐、全面建设社会主义新农村方面发挥着积极作用。     

西昌姓氏“巫”读音考辨

《现代汉语词典》、《新华字典》里对＂巫＂的注音都是＂wū＂,没有作为姓氏的特殊注音。西昌人却把姓氏＂巫＂读成[mu21],经过调查走访、查阅资料,发现西昌巫氏族人,多系清朝时＂湖广填四川＂移民运动从广东嘉应州迁徙到四川的客家人,客家话等南方方言仍保持古语语音＂,巫＂属微母字,而在客家话中很多古代微母的字声母都是[m]。     

中国家庭教育的现实误区和发展策略

中国现实家庭教育发展趋向已从注重单纯的智能开发向五育并举型转化,方法上已从传统的非科学状态向适应社会发展的新形式转化。但目前仍存在较大误区,主要体现在家长观念仍是传统式的,方式上仍是个体式的,方法上仍以智育为主的单一式,忽视德才兼备的培育,阻碍了孩子的健康发展。家长只有尽快走出误区,运用科学的家教方式,注重培育品质、磨炼意志,提高综合素质,才会构筑成功的家教之路。     

《家族歌》所反映的传统服制及法律体现

《家族歌》里的亲属称谓有11个,这些称谓的集中表现就是服制。亲属们在服制中的差异同样也体现在法律中,传统法律中处处都体现了对于家庭内部与常人的规定及审理不同,尤其表现在服制定罪和不孝罪上。其法律中家族部分的刑事或民事规定,集中体现了"亲亲"的原则。尽管在西方也有不少国家有关于家庭内部与常人的规定及审理不同的法律,但是都没有中国繁琐而精细。     

已婚流动育龄妇女计生公共服务现状与需求满意度——基于在江苏部分城市进行的问卷调查

通过对苏州等城市部分已婚流动育龄妇女进行的问卷调查,考察了江苏已婚流动育龄妇女群体接受计划生育公共服务的现状、需求及其满意度。调查发现,已婚流动育龄妇女对人口计生部门的工作认可程度较高,但为其提供的计生公共服务中还存在着管理机构建设滞后、经费投入不足、计生服务供给不能满足需要、管理客体缺乏生殖健康意识等问题,据此提出构建以政府为主、多元参与的流动人口计生公共服务供给模式,增加财政投入,提高流动人口计生公共服务质量等政策建议。     

Attitudes of nurses towards 8-h and 12-h shift systems

Abstract

Twelve-hour shift schedules are becoming increasingly popular. The present study was designed to investigate the attitudes of nurses, their priorities with respect to working time and other aspects of the working conditions, and to analyse the conditions leading to a diminished satisfaction with the shift schedule and to aspirations for a change of schedule. Questionnaires were returned by 880 nurses (78% return rate) from 12 hospitals. A total of 65% worked 12-h shifts and 35% worked 8-h shifts. A considerable proportion of both groups showed a low satisfaction with their schedule and a desire to change the schedule (44% of those working 12-h shifts, 47% of those working 8-h shifts). Concerning effects of the shift schedule on work strain, continuity of service, health, family and leisure time, 8-h shifts were rated more favourably, especially by those working these shifts, but also by nurses working 12-h systems, with the exception of effects on leisure time and to some extent also on continuity of service and on family. Effects of the shift schedule on social responsibilities and leisure time activities turned out to be a major moderating variable in both groups with respect to schedule satisfaction and attitudes towards a change of schedule. Apparently neither type of shift system, traditional 12-h shift rosters or rotating 8-h shifts, is very appealing to the nurses. A stronger relationship between social consequences and health state in nurses working 12-h shifts indicates that in this group negative effects on family and leisure time might be due to an increased need for recuperation, which reduces effective leisure time.     

觉醒的出走——《金粉世家》中的冷清秋人物形象解析

《金粉世家》以北洋军阀时期国务总理金铨一家由盛而衰的家庭生活为背景，详尽地描写了金家少爷金燕西与平民女子冷清秋之间相爱-结婚-分手的爱情悲剧。女主人公冷清秋才华出众，性格坚韧，她接受过新式教育，追求个性解放、人格平等，期盼婚姻自由，一旦得不到有爱情的婚姻，毅然决然地选择出走，自食其力。无疑，这个人物形象具有强烈的现代意识。