关于计划生育经费管理体制改革的思考

我国目前计划生育经费投入、管理与使用过程中存在以下问题 :基层计划生育经费缺乏长期稳定充足的来源 ;乱收费或用计划生育经费投资经商办企业。对计划生育现行的管理体制必须进行大胆改革 :计划生育费应实行社会统筹 ;基层计划生育工作人员应作调整与充实 ;计划外生育费应继续推行“乡收县管、财政监督”加强监督计划生育经费的投入 ;出台统一计划生育服务费标准     

Communicating across the work/home border

This article is about how individuals enact their work and home environments to create balance, by communicating with family about work and with work associates about family. Three themes of this type of communication are identified from interviews and a focus group. Questionnaire data from a sample of 179 individuals who work and have family responsibilities are used to examine factors that influence the amount of communication and the effect of communication on work/family balance. Results show that communication with family about work and communication at work about family varies depending on the permeability of the work and home borders. Individuals who engage in these types of communication show greater work satisfaction, higher work functioning, higher satisfaction with home and family activities, and have more functional families. Este artículo se trata de cómo, por mediación de la comunicación con la familia sobre asuntos de trabajo y con colegas sobre asuntos familiares, se puede manejar el ambiente laboral y el ambiente del hogar para crear un equilibrio entre los dos. Se utilizaron entrevistas y un grupo de enfoque para identificar tres temas de este tipo de comunicación. Se emplean datos de una muestra de 179 individuos con responsabilidades laborales y familiares para examinar factores que influyen en la cantidad de comunicación y el efecto de comunicación en el equilibrio laboral/familiar. Los resultados indican que la comunicación con la familia sobre el trabajo, y la comunicación en el trabajo sobre la familia, varían según la permeabilidad de las fronteras entre el trabajo y el hogar. Los individuos que participan en estos tipos de comunicación demuestran niveles mas altos de satisfacción laboral, funcionamiento laboral, satisfacción con actividades familiares/hogareños y tienen familias mas funcionales.     

六朝时期会稽虞氏之家风与家学

六朝世族门第之长盛不衰,与其家风、家学有关。会稽虞氏兴自东汉,历六朝之世,绵延至隋、唐,数百年间代有才人,成为江东著姓。虞氏门风尚忠义,重事功,讲孝友。在学术上以儒学为根本,兼容并包,南朝后期渐重文学艺术。     

Caring for a demented relative at home: Effects on parent–adolescent relationships and family dynamics

Informed by a family systems perspective, the main purpose of this study was to identify changes in parent–adolescent relationships and in family dynamics when a family member with Alzheimer's or similar dementia moves into the household. The data, based on in-depth interviews with 17 adolescents, revealed that the care situation induces both positive and negative changes in family relationships. On the one hand, adolescents showed considerable empathy and respect for the parent who is the primary caregiver and reported that joint involvement in caregiving enhances adolescent–parent bonds. On the other hand, the adolescents lamented restrictions on their own and the family unit's activities due to the care situation. They also complained about spillover of caregiver stress on other family relationships and about parent-caregivers' focus of attention on the care recipient. These negative features strongly influenced adolescents' adaptation to the care situation. Overall, the results confirm the importance of a family systems perspective for understanding of and intervention in family caregiving for demented relatives. Family life educators should convey the importance of family dynamics in caregiving situations to their audiences, and family practitioners should be aware that an exclusive focus on the primary caregiver's problems may hamper adaptation of other family members (and especially adolescents) who are involved in the care situation.     

The Impact of Socio-economic Status and Mobility on Perceived Family Functioning

Perceptions of current family functioning in relation to current household income level, educational status, social-class at birth and social mobility over the lifecourse were investigated in a group of 483 individuals at age 50. Subjective report of family functioning was assessed using the McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD) with socio-economic information obtained from a self-report Health and Lifestyle Questionnaire. Results indicated significant relationships between household income, social mobility and FAD scores for men but not for women in this sample. For men, lower current income and downward social mobility over the lifecourse were associated with a more negative perception of family functioning. Further research is required to understand the gender differences observed and delineate cause versus effect mechanisms.     

黎川陈氏与寿阳祁氏之交往——读《陈甘簃诗文集》札记

清代科举家族之中,江西黎川陈氏和山西寿阳祁氏是南北颇为著名的两大文化世家。家族成员们通过科举入仕,在嘉道咸同光各朝,名人辈出。而两个家族又通过联姻这种方式,得以密切往来,直至民国以降,后代们仍互相唱和,力图维系这种文化上的传承。     

试论儒家文化对我国人口与计划生育的影响

本文本着批判继承祖国文化遗产的宗旨 ,以《四书五经》及儒家其他书籍为研究对象 ,重点探讨和分析了儒家文化对我国人口与计划生育产生的正负面影响 ,并提出了消除其负面影响的相应对策     

Adaptive familial strategies among merchant seamen

The study reported here examines those familial strategies that develop among merchant seamen families: replacement husband/father, conflict, contingent authority, and periodic guest. Data were gathered from interviews with 141 families over a 7-year period. Results indicate that merchant seamen families use a replacement husband/father strategy if male kin are available. When kin are not available these families eventually arrive at and remain in a periodic guest strategy. A discussion of family power as it relates to the development of specific strategies is also included.Craig J. Forsyth is an Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Southwestern Louisiana, P.O. Box 40198, Lafayette, LA 70504. His current research interests include deviant life-styles, maritime sociology, and the interrelationship between family and work. He received his Ph.D. from Louisiana State University.Robert Gramling is a Professor of Sociology at the University of Southwestern Louisiana, P.O. Box 40198, Lafayette, LA 70504. His research interests are in the areas of social impacts of economic activity, particularly on the family, and microscopic social theory. His Ph.D. is from Florida State University.     

Couple and Familial Characteristics of Father-Child Incest Families

Couple and familial characteristics of father-child incest families are often described in the sexual abuse clinical and theoretical literature. However, few of these ideas have been tested empirically, and the limited research on the systemic functioning of incest families has resulted in contradictory findings. Results from a study describing couple and family system characteristics of 54 father-child incest families are reported. Both mothers and father perpetrators in the families were assessed. Findings from this study indicate that when compared to normative scores parents in incest families report greater than average social isolation, higher levels of family control and moral-religious emphasis, and lower emphasis on personal independence and individuation. Support was not found for an enmeshed level of family cohesion, as is often reported in the clinical literature. Nearly one-half of the couples reported clinically significant relationship distress and high levels of desired behavior change by their partner. Over one-half of the couples also reported substantial sexual discord in their relationships. The clinical and research implications of the findings are discussed.     

Older People's Family Contacts and Long-term Care Expenditure in OECD Countries: A Comparative Approach Using Qualitative Comparative Analysis

In recent decades there has been a suggestion that public and private long-term care (LTC) expenditure might be replacing traditional family care for older people. The decline of family contact is known to be more advanced in some OECD countries than others, with southern Europe identified as where family contact is still strong. This article explores at a country level whether there is an association between levels of expenditure on long-term care and the availability of family contacts. Qualitative Comparative Analysis is used as a comparative method, so as to use national quantitative indicators with a small sample of countries. An association between higher levels of family contact and lower levels of expenditure on LTC is suggested, but it is weakened by a number of untypical cases. Countries that defy this relationship have government care policies that seek to promote informal social care through the family contact that continues to be available. Austria, Canada, Great Britain and Japan are discussed in this context.