人口与计划生育工作新视角：“关爱女孩行动”

出生人口性别比偏高是一个严重的社会问题,也是人口过快增长的一个主要原因。针对此,广东人口与计划生育工作开拓了一个新视角:关爱女孩行动,本文就广东“关爱女孩行动”的有关问题做个介绍。     

Additional Work,Family Agriculture,and the Birth of a First or a Second Child in Russia at the Beginning of the 1990s

At the beginning of the transition period, many Russian households faced substantial economic hardships and uncertainties. An economic downturn had become one of the major factors responsible for the significant and rapid decline of Russian fertility. However, many households tried to cope with this situation by engaging in multiple income generating activities and the cultivation of food on private plots of land. The question therefore arises whether these activities had a positive impact on fertility decisions. This paper explores the association between additional employment or subsistence measures (second jobs, part-time self-employment, and part-time family agriculture) and the probability to have a first or a second child in Russia during 1990 and the spring of 1993. Data from 966 respondents from the Russian component of the survey Social Stratification in Eastern Europe after 1989: General Population Survey show that activities that generate an additional income were positively associated with the birth of a second child. This is especially the case if these activities produce half of a respondent's or her household's income. The birth of a second child was also positively associated with the fact that a household consumed food that was cultivated by the household itself. However, none of these activities was significantly connected with the birth of a first child.     

从政府到非政府组织：计划生育工作机制转变及其对生育率的影响

本文通过对中国计划生育政策实施过程与人口转变历程的分析,探讨了计划生育工作机制的转变过程,特别是对非政府组织(NGOs)对降低生育率的影响途径与机制进行了研究,并据此探讨并提出了适合中国及其他发展中国家需要的计划生育实践模式。     

独生子女家庭空巢风险分析

在中国的人口转变过程中,由于独生子女的大量增加,已经出现了一种全新的空巢现象,即越来越多的独生子女家庭提前进入空巢期,并使空巢期延长,增加了独生子女父母养老和心理健康风险。本文对独生子女空巢家庭产生的原因、发展趋势、特征及其风险进行了深入分析,最后提出了化解独生子女家庭空巢风险及其危害的对策。     

云南省农业人口独生子女家庭少生奖励政策的实施与思考

新近推出的计划生育少生奖励政策是云南省人口与计划生育工作与时俱进、开拓创新的重大举措。自实施以来,受到广大农户的热烈欢迎,对新形势下云南省人口与计划生育工作起到了强有力的推进作用。同时调研发现,该政策在实施中也还存在一些亟待改进的问题。     

西部人口和计划生育工作面临的挑战

本文通过对西部人口和计划生育工作面临的矛盾和问题的分析,阐述了针对西部地区社会经济发展特点,如何推进人口和计划生育工作。     

Modernization process and fertility change in pre- and post-Islamic Revolution of Iran

The purpose of this paper is to examine some of the possible causal links between modernization forces and fertility patterns of the Iranian provinces during three time periods, 1966, 1976 and 1986. A modernization scale was constructed using Iranian census data. Six indicators of industrialization, urbanization and universal education were used to develop the scale. The ratio of children under 5 years per women 15 to 44 years old was used as a measure of fertility. The findings show that modernization has proceeded upward in an almost consistent pattern in all the provinces during 1966–1986. The Islamic Revolution and Iran-Iraq War not only did not disrupt the modernization trend, it seems that both events accelerated the rate of change. The modernization indicators, individually and collectively, were significantly and inversely correlated with fertility ratios. However, the fertility ratios of the provinces substantially increased in the decade of 1976 to 1986. Our thesis is that the elimination of the national family planning program which happened in the early part of the post-Islamic Revolution had significant effect on the fertility increase of the period 1976 to 1986. The current active family planning program of the Islamic Republic of Iran suggests that the fertility rate of Iran, very likely, will decline in the near future if the current modernization trend and fertility regulation policy continue.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 22nd General Conference of the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population, Montreal, Canada, 24 August 1993.     

妇女参与计划生育，促进西部大开发战略实施

本文通过对我国西部人口与计生现状分析,提出通过计生“三结合”等多种形式,促进广大西部妇女参与计划生育,最终实现为西部大开发战略实施提供良好的人口环境。     

新时期中国妇女生育水平与社会地位的发展与变化

国家计生委“计划生育家庭发展与变化”课题组在全国五省“五省一市”对6300多户、2.3万余人进行的选点问卷调查结果充分表明,实行计划生育,有效地降低妇女的生育水平,有利于推进我国妇女婚育行为的积极变化,有利于改善妇女和儿童的健康和教育状况,提高妇女的社会地位。     

The effects of monetized food aid on reproductive behavior in rural Honduras

This article presents research findings on the question of whether the monetization of non-emergency food aid has adversely influenced national family planning program efforts in Honduras. Women receiving food aid in the form of cash coupons are compared in the study with women receiving food rations and a third group of women with similar characteristics who were not food aid recipients on three types of outcomes: recent fertility, fertility preferences, and contraceptive use. The health facilities where study subjects received health/family planning services and food aid benefits were also compared to assess possible adverse cross-program effects on family planning service delivery. A sample selection model was used in the analysis to control for unobserved differences between comparison groups. No compelling evidence for adverse demand- or supply-side effects of monetized food aid on family planning efforts was observed. The most striking study finding was the extremely high level of unmet need for family planning.