国际合作计划生育结合项目可持续发展研究

基于对国际合作计划生育结合项目可持续发展实践的考察和总结 ,重点讨论了结合项目可持续发展的概念和内涵 ,提出结合项目可持续发展的六个要素和建议。     

Ethnic and Gender Differences in Offending Patterns: Examining Family Group Conferencing Interventions among At-Risk Adolescents

This secondary study looked at the importance of ethnicity and gender in influencing the relationship between Family Group Conferencing and (FGC) recidivism. The FGC is a mediation procedure involving offenders, their families, and victims of their crimes in which outcomes of material and emotional restitution are sought. Offenders, randomly sampled to participate in a control or experimental group, were sampled via mail, telephone, and in-person interviews. Data from court records were utilized to obtain recidivism rates over an 18-month period. Multivariate analysis indicated a statistically significant difference between the re-arrest rates of FGC participants and non-participants. Female offenders were more likely to avoid arrest than their male counterparts. This study found that ethnicity was not a statistically significant indicator of re-arrest. The FGC has efficacy for juvenile offenders as (1) a cost-effective method to intervene with offenders in their own communities (2) provides alternatives to formal adjudication for vulnerable populations—females and people of color.The present study was conducted from data collected from the Bethlehem, Pennsylvania Police Department and the Community Service Foundation.     

新疆少数民族人口计划生育状况调查

对新疆的五个主要少数民族即维吾尔族、哈萨克族、回族、蒙古族和柯尔克孜族的人口计划生育政策和避孕节育措施的落实情况进行的万人抽样调查发现,半数以上的人认为现行计划生育政策“不宽不严正合适”,认为“偏严”者达到32.03%。半数以上的人认为“落实了奖励优待政策,”11.13%的人认为“根本没有落实”。80.83%的人采取了避孕措施,而19.17%的人没有采取避孕措施。使用最多的避孕方法是宫内节育器,占69.17%,“因不知道或得不到理想的避孕方法”而未避孕者所占比重偏高。人工流产率高,而避孕措施成功率较低。计划生育工作方面存在的问题主要出现在少数民族聚居的广大农村和牧区。因此要把计生工作重点放在广大农村和牧区,采取严格奖罚制度等三项措施。     

论维吾尔族的家庭及其变迁

探讨了维吾尔族传统家庭的结构、特征、家庭类型、家庭功能等相关问题,分析了维吾尔族家庭发展的规律和总趋势。     

回族家谱的三个维度:族源、族规与人伦——以云南昭通回族谱牒为例

本文以云南昭通回族为例,从族源、族规、人伦三个维度出发,对回族家谱进行解读。文章认为,族源、族规、人伦是回族家谱的核心要素,是确定家族边界的基本尺度,更是回族家族共同体认同的标志。从族谱中,我们领悟到家族认同、民族认同与国家认同这三者之间的同构关系。     

试论甘肃穆斯林家庭的人际关系

本文通过家庭内人际关系、家庭角色模式及亲属网络构成的社会资源三个视角,对甘肃穆斯林家庭的人际关系进行了初步的探析。甘肃穆斯林家庭的人际关系是在以个体农业经济或畜牧业经济为基础、以家庭为生活和生产单位的自足自给农牧经济,本民族固有的文化与伊斯兰文化、汉文化的文化整合体制约与影响下形成的。体现了以伊斯兰伦理观念与“孝”为核心的家庭伦理观念;与小农经济和父权家庭相适应的“主从型”和谐共生的家庭关系。     

《敦煌氾氏家传》与先周世系

先周世系,尤其是后稷、不窋的父子世系,自司马迁以降,争讼不清。争讼的焦点,围绕《史记》形成“世后稷”“夏之衰”“失代数”三个中心问题。敦煌遗书S.1889《敦煌氾氏家传》的重见天日,为解决这一争讼提供了极其珍贵的史料。《敦煌氾氏家传》大致为前凉或隋唐初期作品,在时间上比唐代司马贞的《史记索隐》、张守节的《史记正义》都还要早一些,因而更具价值。通过传世文献、敦煌文献考察,认为虽然西周早期可能存在一定的代数阙失,但代数的阙失与后稷、不窋父子世系之间没有必然关系,后稷、不窋之间的父子世系可信性较强,《史记》“后稷卒,子不窋”的说法仍然可靠。     

Pathways of children’s long-term living arrangements: A latent class analysis

This study employed latent class analysis to create children’s family structure trajectories from birth through adolescence using merged mother and child data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (N = 1870). Input variables distinguished between biological fathers and stepfathers as well as mother’s marriages and cohabitations. The best-fitting model revealed five latent trajectories of children’s long-term family structure: continuously married biological parents (55%), long-term single mothers (18%), married biological parents who divorce (12%), a highly unstable trajectory distinguished by gaining at least one stepfather (11%), and cohabiting biological parents who either marry or break up (4%). Multinomial logistic regression indicated that mother’s education, race, teen birth status, and family of origin characteristics were important predictors of the long-term family trajectories in which their children grew up. These findings suggest that latent class analysis is a valuable statistical tool for understanding children’s complete family structure experiences.     

Family structure and adolescent alcohol use problems: Extending popular explanations to American Indians

Competing explanations of the relationship between family structure and alcohol use problems are examined using a sample of American Indian adolescents from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Living in a single-parent family is found to be a marker for the unequal distribution of stress exposure and parental alcohol use, but the effects of other family structures like non-parent families and the presence of under 21-year-old extended family or non-family members emerge or remain as risk or protective factors for alcohol use problems after a consideration of SES, family processes, peer socialization, and social stress. In particular, a non-parent family structure that has not been considered in prior research emerged as a protective family structure for American Indian adolescent alcohol use problems.     

From Defamilialization to Degenderization: Toward a New Welfare Typology1

This article discusses the debate on gendering welfare states. It criticizes typologies based on the differentiation between degrees of familialization and defamilialization and proposes a new typology based on the notion of genderization and degenderization. It also argues against the notion of regime types, which includes outputs in their classification systems. Instead it argues that typologies should concentrate on policies to make it possible for researchers and policymakers to analyze the influence of different types of policies on different societies. It is important to know whether similar policies would lead to different outcomes under different socio‐economic or cultural conditions. The article goes on to show how one could analyze family policies based on a typology based on genderization and degenderization.