马克思主义民主政治观及其对当代中国的启示

这里的马克思主义民主政治观主要指马克思恩格斯和列宁的民主政治思想。马克思恩格斯和列宁虽然没有专门的关于民主政治思想的专著,但却有非常丰富的民主政治思想主张,尤其对民主的重要性、民主形态、民主和经济的辩证关系以及如何发展民主方面有着深刻的认识,是新时期我国推进民主政治建设的指南针,对认清当前我国民主政治发展形势、统一思想具有极其重要的指导作用。     

Internet Pornography use and Sexual Body Image in a Dutch Sample

Objectives: A commonly attributed cause of sexual body image dissatisfaction is pornography use. This relationship has received little verification. Methods: The relationship between sexual body image dissatisfaction and Internet pornography use was tested using a large-N sample of Dutch respondents. Results/Conclusion: Penis-size dissatisfaction is associated with pornography use. The relationship between pornography use and breast-size dissatisfaction is null. These results support prior speculation and self-reports about the relationship between pornography use and sexual body image among men. These results also support a prior null finding of the relationship between breast-size satisfaction for women and pornography use.     

武陵地区民族关系的现状及分析

本文在简述武陵地区民族关系现状的基础上,对其进行了深入细致的分析研究。认为,近年来,武陵地区各民族平等、团结、互助的社会主义新型民族关系不断巩固发展,民族关系发展取得了令人瞩目的成绩,这是该地区民族关系发展的主流,集中体现了社会主义制度的优越性和党的民族政策的政治优势,凝聚了各民族的传统友谊;武陵地区民族关系也存在一些急需解决的问题,这些问题的产生,既有历史根源,也有现实根源,集中反映了历史和现实诸多不利因素对民族关系的影响。     

The Barbie Mystique: Satisfaction with Breast Size and Shape across the Lifespan

ABSTRACT

The prevalence of breast augmentation and breast lift surgery suggests that many women are dissatisfied with their breasts. This study analyzed women's and men's views about breast size and shape among 52,227 heterosexual adults, ages 18–65, who responded to an online survey. Although most women (70%) were dissatisfied with the size or shape of their breasts, most men (56%) were satisfied with their partner's breasts. Younger and thinner women worried that their breasts were too small; older and heavier women were more concerned with breast droopiness. Women who were dissatisfied with their breasts were more likely to report lower body satisfaction and to express concern about wearing a bathing suit in public. Further, dissatisfied women were also less willing to undress in front of their partner and were more likely to conceal their breasts from their partner during sex. These findings suggest that dissatisfaction with breasts is widespread among adult women.     

Eye of the Beholder? Sociocultural Factors in the Body Image and Sexual Well-Being of Heterosexual Women

ABSTRACT. Participants (124 heterosexual women) completed measures of thin-ideal internalization, discrepancy between perceptions of actual and ideal figure (DISC_SELF), perceptions of the discrepancy between estimates of partner's view of actual and ideal female figure (DISC_PART), body image, and sexual well-being. We found support for the proposed perception-of-partner pathway in that greater DISC_PART was associated with poorer body image, which in turn was associated with poorer sexual well-being. However, we found little support for a link between thin-ideal internalization or DISC_SELF and sexual well-being. The results suggest that heterosexual women's beliefs about how their partners view them are important to their sexual well-being.     

课堂外的身体塑造——陕甘宁边区儿童团的官方身体建构

阿尔都塞认为,对于劳动力的再生产,不仅要求再生产出劳动力的技能,还要求生产出劳动力对现存秩序各种规范的服从。在陕甘宁边区,现代化身体的形塑并不以制度化教育作为唯一管道,其他如儿童团等组织成为官方对其身体建构的另一种重要形式。这些组织透过以身体姿势、卫生、技能和意识作为对象的活动,体现出政党或政府对个体身体的支配力。边区儿童团旨在组织儿童参与抗战工作与生产活动中,通过对施展在其肉体上的技艺训练和要求的观察,可以看到边区儿童被赋予对抗日救亡的道德理想,并塑造出官方身体的模范化存在。     

多元化决策主体在诉求表达实现机制中的功能分析

文章在阐释诉求表达实现机制概念的基础上,强调了该机制中决策主体的多元性,并进一步分析了多元化决策主体在诉求表达实现机制运行过程中,所发挥的尊重利益、承认差别、促进沟通、协调整合、客观可行和促进发展等六大功能。     

Aging and Gender:

Social science literature on aging has assumed without empirical basis that women experience greater continuity in their lives than men and that this is beneficial to women in the process of aging. This research explores the issue of continuity in values over the life course and the relationship of values to a sense of meaning attributed to one's life over the life course. Thirty life history interviews of men and women over the age of sixty-nine were conducted. Differences in values were found between men and women. Men experienced less continuity of values, less continuity in sources of meaning in Life, and more dissatisfaction in the process of life review, but for most men the lack of continuity was not a source of dissatisfaction in old age.     

Older Women's Body Image and Embodied Experience: An Exploration

ABSTRACT

This paper presents and analyzes findings from unstructured interviews with women aged 61 to 92 regarding their perceptions and feelings about their aging bodies. The data are discussed in light of the existing literature on women's body image which has largely ignored the experiences of women in later life and which has tended to focus on adolescent and middle-aged women. Given the fact that beauty is equated with youthfulness and thinness in our society, older women face unique challenges as they strive to construct and maintain positive evaluations of self. The women in the study exhibit the internalization of ageist beauty norms even as they assert that health is more important to them than physical attractiveness and comment on the ‘naturalness’ of the aging process.     

Touch in residential child care: staff’s bodies and children’s agency

This paper concerns the significance of touch in the everyday life of those living and working in residential child care. Public and professional awareness about child abuse has focused attention on the bodies of children and their vulnerability – but the same cannot be said of the bodies of staff members who touch children. This ethnographic study of a Scottish residential child care unit shows such touch to be central to the everyday participation of children and young people in care. On the basis of participant observation, the paper analyses how care workers influence the agency of children and young people by bringing their own bodies into their relationships with them. Based on a relational understanding of care, the paper elaborates on how tender and restraining forms of touch form part of care workers’ professional repertoire of actions. The analysis of various instances of touch in terms of sociology of the body shows how staff members can help to shape children and young people’s opportunities for participation with their own bodies. In conclusion, the paper therefore argues for a professional and reflexive engagement with bodies rather than a general avoidance of touch between care workers and young people.