论高校政府采购的财务管理

近年来,高校的政府采购项目越来越多,金额越来越大。仅2004年一年,高校未完成的政府采购金额就达1.27亿元。为了使政府采购工作得以有效地进行,本文从财务管理的角度提出了加强政府采购工作应建立规范的采购程序,利用电子台账登记有关信息并正确进行会计处理,通过准确编制预算、及时结转剩余资金来提高政府采购工作的效率,保证及时顺利地完成政府采购项目。     

政府统计数据质量内涵的演化与启示

 内容提要：在统计“入世”与市场化改革双重背景之下,统计数据质量研究凸显其重要之处。本文选取政府统计数据质量内涵为研究对象,基于国际统计数据质量标准和各国统计部门成功实践经验的双重视角,对其发展历程中所形成的“传统与现代”、“狭义与广义”、“绝对与相对”、“一般与特殊”四组范畴进行梳理,进而总结出政府统计数据质量管理工作的若干要点,并就此对进一步提高中国统计数据质量管理水平提出些许思考。     

三种国际统计质量管理框架的比较及启示

 立足于数据质量管理的现实需要,本文对国际货币基金组织、欧盟统计局及经合组织的统计质量管理框架进行比较分析。结果显示,三大国际组织的统计质量管理框架作为保证统计数据质量的有效手段,在质量维度与含义、整体框架、评估方法与工具等方面既存在明显差异又具有一致性。它们在统计质量管理方面的做法和经验对于我国加强统计数据质量管理具有借鉴意义。     

上市银行强制性会计政策变更效果研究——基于上市银行2005—2009年的经验数据

选取上市银行2005-2009年的年报数据,通过对净资产收益率、贷款减值准备、不良贷款率、拨备覆盖率、核心进行分析,研究结果表明：上市银行会计政策变更具有集中于强制性会计政策变更;强制性会计政策变更促使上市银行在盈利水平、风险防范及资本质量之间的权衡;强制性会计政策变更使得上市银行盈余管理的行为减少,但是仍有空间等特征。     

The Effects of Learning,Forgetting, and Relearning on Decision Rule Performance in Multiproject Scheduling

Product development occurs in multiproject environments where preemption is often allowed so that critical projects can be addressed immediately. Because product development is characterized by time-based competition, there is pressure to make decisions quickly using heuristics methods that yield fast project completion. Preemption heuristics are needed both to choose activities for preemption and then to determine which resources to use to restart preempted activities. Past research involving preemption has ignored any completion time penalty due to the forgetting experienced by project personnel during preemption and the resulting relearning time required to regain lost proficiency. The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of learning, forgetting, and relearning (LFR) on project completion time when preemption is allowed. We present a model for the LFR cycle in multiproject development environments. We test a number of priority rules for activity scheduling, activity preemption, and resource assignment subsequent to preemption, subject to the existence of the LFR cycle, for which a single type of knowledge worker resource is assigned among multiple projects. The results of the simulation experiments clearly demonstrate that LFR effects are significant. The tests of different scheduling, preemption, and resource reassignment rules show that the choice of rule is crucial in mitigating the completion time penalty effects of the LFR cycle, while maintaining high levels of resource utilization. Specifically, the worst performing rules tested for each performance measure are those that attempt to maintain high resource utilization. The best performing rules are based on activity criticality and resource learning.     

Optimizing Natural Gas Flows with Linear Programming and Scenarios

Recently, we developed a linear programming model to aid an electric utility company in evaluating several long-term operating decisions. Variations of this model provide insights into daily operations and valuation of supply contracts. This paper outlines the important characteristics of this class of network models including the usage of a gas storage facility, the use of market forecasts of gas prices, and the accommodation of gas contract structures. In addition, we develop a scenario optimization procedure in which demand forecasts provide scenarios. We also describe ways in which these models were automated to drive a decision support system.     

Information Systems Adaptation and the Successful Implementation of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies*

Few plants have initial success with advanced manufacturing technologies (AMTs), and adaptations are commonly required after installing new technologies. We especially know little about the outcomes of adaptations that manufacturers regularly employ in the context of AMTs. Sociotechnical theory and the technology literature suggest that AMTs commonly require four types of adaptations including those to process technologies, human resources, operational structures, and information systems. This study investigates which of these four adaptations and their interactions lead to improved operational performance. Data were collected on 104 plants that implemented a single type of manufacturing AMT. Findings indicate that information systems (IS) adaptation during the course of AMT implementation was the most important action. Surprisingly, human resource and process technology adaptations were linked to lower performance, and no interactions had any clear effects. The results also show that practitioners underestimated the relevance of IS adaptations during contemporary or “second-generation” AMT implementation projects and overemphasized the need for shop floor changes.     

海南省上市公司治理结构与会计信息质量实证研究

以上市公司年报的审计意见为基础,构建了会计信息质量指数。以股权结构为中心,采用多元回归分析的方法对海南省上市公司治理结构与会计信息质量之关系进行了实证研究。研究结果表明：机构投资者的持股比例与会计信息质量正相关,而股权集中度和高管的持股比例都与会计信息质量没有相关性。     

企业储备财务柔性能否提高企业绩效？ ——基于会计稳健性的调节效应

以2012—2021年沪深A股上市企业作为研究样本,研究了财务柔性对企业绩效的影响,并引入会计稳健性探究其对两者关系的调节作用。结果表明：企业储备财务柔性能提高企业绩效,特别是在大规模企业和非国有企业中,财务柔性的正向促进作用更加显著;会计稳健性能增强财务柔性对企业绩效的正向影响。据此,企业应从动态视角来关注财务柔性,增强储备财务柔性的意识,并提高对会计稳健性重要性的认识,以提升企业绩效,促进企业长远发展。     

高校会计学专业教学质量保障模式与监控体系研究

高校之间的竞争归根结底是人才培养质量的竞争。各院校需要以质量求生存,以质量求发展,真正把提高人才培养质量作为学校教育改革和发展的出发点和归宿。因此,对普通高校会计学专业的教学质量保障模式与监控体系进行研究,具有理论和实际指导意义。