高等教育发展的形势与大学生管理改革

中国高等教育发展的形势,总体上是积极的,趋势是进步的,而且发展速度很快。高等教育面临着大众化、现代化、市场化、国际化的发展趋势,这对大学生管理提出了许多新的要求、新的问题,需要解决。面对来自社会、学校体制、大学生管理干部自身和学生的挑战,大学生管理工作必须在理念、工作方式等方面改革创新。     

Rural ageing in the United States: Trends and contexts

This paper examines rural population ageing in the United States with a particular focus on the contrasting contexts in which older rural residents live. We compare the characteristics of the older population by rural versus urban residence, and explore challenges and opportunities associated with the ageing of rural baby boomers. The United States is a vast territory, and rural areas in the US are diverse regionally, in poverty and income, principal forms of employment, proximity to metropolitan areas, population size, density and composition, the history of change in these parameters, and a number of other factors that affect the ageing process. Hence, the diversity across rural areas is an important consideration in what affects the well being of rural elderly individuals, as well as the community-level impacts of rural ageing. Further, the characteristics of the older rural population help shape community and rural development outcomes for diverse rural communities. We use data from various US Census Bureau sources, and cite other studies to provide a demographic overview of ageing in the rural United States, and to analyze how this situation differs in varying socio-demographic and regional contexts. In the concluding section, we focus on policy implications associated with rural ageing.     

‘America’ in Indian Advertising: Change and Impact

The aims of this article are threefold: One, to focus on the advertising and marketing communications situating the presence of the USA in India. Two, to address three issues concerning the where, how, and impact dimensions of marking the US presence in Indian advertising. In that process an attempt will be made to integrate three aspects of advertising, namely: marketing, media, and linguistics. Three, to account for US corporate culture as it manifests itself in advertising. Central to our discussion are two product types: consumer products (e.g. Coke, Pepsi, Kellogg’s cereals, or Cadbury’s chocolates) and socially-sensitive, or ‘taboo’, products (e.g. condoms, alcohol, and breath fresheners).     

The relative centrality of life domains among Jews and Arabs in Israel: the effect of culture,ethnicity, and demographic variables

The centrality of major life domains (work, family community leisure and religion) have not, to date, been studied among Arabs in Israel. This paper examines life domains centrality of 909 Jews and 286 Arabs (or Palestinians that have Israeli citizenship), who work in the Israeli labor market. The findings reveal significant differences in the importance of all life domains. Work centrality, as well as the importance of religion and community is significantly higher among Arabs than among Jews. Among Jews, the importance of family and leisure are significantly higher than among Arabs. A hierarchical regression analysis indicates that demographic variables have a low ability to explain the differences in the centrality of life domains among Jews and Arabs. The findings can be explained by cultural differences, the high degree of segregation, occupational discrimination, and mainly by the regional Palestinian/Arab-Israeli conflict.     

Predictors of employment among sheltered homeless women

The effect of homelessness on the psychological and physical health of women is damaging and long lasting. Understanding of the personal factors that enable homeless women to secure employment and re-enter mainstream society is of utmost importance. A sample of homeless women residing in a US Midwestern nonprofit treatment and transitional living shelter for homeless women and their children were surveyed regarding the extent to which life satisfaction, social self-efficacy, and hopeful thinking predicted women's expected capabilities to obtain employment above and beyond social support provisions, while controlling for participants' age, ethnicity, and education level. Findings failed to reveal that social psychological (i.e., life satisfaction and social self-efficacy) and intrapersonal (i.e., hope) variables predicted homeless women's job procurement self-efficacy above and beyond perceived social support. The social support provision of social integration and younger age significantly predicted women's self-efficacy to secure employment. Implications of results for social justice initiatives and interventions are discussed.     

Family caregivers of the elderly: quality of life and coping in Estonia

The purpose of the study was to analyse the assessments of elderly people aged 65 and more about family caregiving as a factor influencing their quality of life and coping. The study is based on the project SUFACARE—‘Supporting family carers and care receivers in Estonia and in Finland’—in the framework of which the Institute of Social Work of Tallinn University carried out postal surveys in 2010. The Estonian survey was conducted in Tallinn and Lääne-Viru County. The total number of respondents was 581 (70% female and 30% male), of whom 98 (n=74 female and n=24 male) were family caregivers. Caregiving has not influenced the physical and mental health of caregivers, the reason being that many people who receive care are not of very ill health or suffer from dementia. People mostly take care of their spouses. Based on the Estonian Family Law Act (RT I 2009, 60, 395), adult descendants are required to provide maintenance if their relatives are not able to care for themselves. Caregivers whose health is below average consider caring to be physically demanding. We cannot speak of the social isolation of respondents who have care duties—they communicate actively and do not feel lonely. Women report caregiving to be physically strenuous more often than men. The mental health of male caregivers is better—fewer male respondents claimed to feel unhappy or depressed compared to female respondents.     

上海自贸试验区负面清单转化为全国负面清单的路径和措施

目前,在中国(上海)自贸试验区的各项实施制度中,"负面清单"制度是其中重要的一项,也将是未来自贸区可复制、可推广的一项关键制度。对此,可借鉴《美国双边投资协议2012年范本》,将上海自贸试验区负面清单转化为全国负面清单,向全国推广。     

哲学是人幸福生活的仆人

寻求哲学合理的存在方式,是今天困扰人们的重大课题之一。在此问题上,最为根本的是如何理解哲学与生活的真实关系,即回答哲学究竟应成为人的幸福生活的"主人"还是"仆人"。在哲学史上,以传统形而上学为代表的哲学形态长期以来把成为人"幸福生活的主宰"作为哲学的使命,其结果导致了人的思想和生活的抽象化。这是哲学陷入深层困境、人的思想和生活陷入深重灾难的重要根源。抛弃和摆脱成为人"幸福生活的主人"的欲望,甘心成为"幸福生活的仆人",这是哲学的重大觉醒,也是兑现它为人类服务诺言的基本前提。     

一体多元的族群关系论要——基于费孝通“中华民族多元一体格局”构想的再思考

费孝通于20世纪80年代提出"中华民族的多元一体格局"的理论构想,以此来作为理解中华民族内部族群关系的总体性引导。此后的研究者以诸多证据及论述阐发"从多元到一体"的历史进程,但对于在现代民族国家观念影响下之既定"一体"格局中社会内部多元分化发展的图景,特别是现实的分化与地方自治机制,并没有给予太多的关注。这种片面的关注维度隐含有一种历史主义的偏颇。如何在现实的"一体"的格局之下去理解和呈现"多元"发展以及多样性的社会与文化的存在及其演进过程,构成今天所提"一体多元"的核心要义。     

新生代农民工体面劳动问题研究

目前,新生代农民工仍然在就业领域内面临着一系列的歧视,对于发达的珠三角和长三角地区而言,积极推进体面劳动,让新生代农民工不仅有一份工作,而且有一份满意的工作,应当是当前和未来相当长时期内改善民生的重心所在,为此必须要在思想观念和具体的体制机制等方面进行相应的调整。