副省级城市综合韧性评价及障碍因子识别

为了提升副省级城市韧性,探索其可持续发展路径。该文以15个副省级城市为研究对象,运用改进的CRITIC-熵权组合赋权法、TOPSIS法、方差分解法、障碍度模型对2011—2020年15个副省级城市综合韧性进行评价,并对其障碍因子进行识别分析。结果显示:15个副省级城市综合韧性在2011—2020年间呈现波动上升的趋势,整体形势较好;各副省级城市综合韧性、分项韧性排名存在明显差异;从方差分解结果来看,宁波、成都、长春、哈尔滨四个城市的经济韧性和生态韧性对综合韧性的贡献度最大,而其余副省级城市则是经济韧性和社会韧性的贡献度最大;从障碍度结果分析,经济系统和社会系统是制约副省级城市韧性提升的主要障碍系统,对于具体指标,每百人公共图书馆藏书(b₃)和一般公共预算收入(a₄)是大部分副省级城市的主要障碍因子。未来,各副省级城市应依据发展情况着力补齐短板,从完善社会应急保障体系、扩大社会文化产业影响力和增加科教领域的投入等方面增强城市韧性,推动副省级城市实力整体提升。     

语言多属性决策的目标规划模型

研究了只有部分属性权重信息、属性值以语言变量或不确定语言变量形式给出且决策者对方案有偏好信息的语言多属性决策问题.给出了语言变量和不确定语言变量的运算法则,以及不确定语言变量之间比较的可能度公式,定义了语言变量的偏离度概念.在属性值以1)语言变量和2)不确定语言变量,这两种形式给出的情形下,分别建立了一个基于偏离度的目标规划模型,并通过求解这两种模型分别获得相应的属性权重.然后对于情形1),利用语言加权平均(LWA)算子,对语言决策信息进行加权集成,继而对方案进行排序和择优;对于情形2),利用不确定语言加权平均(ULWA)算子,对不确定语言决策信息进行加权集成,并利用可能度公式构造可能度矩阵(互补判断矩阵),继而利用互补判断矩阵排序公式对决策方案进行排序和择优.最后进行了实例分析.     

Assisting the High Administrative Court in Restricting Too Broad a Concept of Academic Judgment

I have received substantial monetary compensation and a formal apology from my first doctoral school, and a Ph.D. from another university. This essay describes my personal view on discussing the boundaries of academic judgment and research supervision with the ombudsman agency for higher education, and at the High Administrative Court of England and Wales. The Court’s judicial doctrine addresses substantial research accountability matters. It clarifies that although the Court and ombudsman agency must not interfere with academic judgment, not everything done by an academic can be considered as academic judgment. A Ph.D. supervisor can seriously fail to perform his/her duties.     

Ability vs Background: An Analysis of the Distribution Mechanism of Higher Education Enrolment Opportunities

Individual education performance is usually influenced jointly by ability and background (family background). The relative share of these two factors forms the basic grounds for judgments of educational equity. Using sheaf coefficients, we compare the influence of these two mechanisms on the distribution of access to regular first degree higher education opportunities for institutions at different levels. Our findings show that both ability and family background have a marked influence. The higher the level of the institution, the greater the ability demanded of its students. The effect of family also increases significantly at this level, but ability always has a much stronger influence than family background. It can be seen that though family background is influential in the distribution of higher education opportunities in China today, ability fundamentally remains the dominant criterion, embodying the classic features of a meritocratic society “open to talent.”     

英国课堂教育对我国专业学位研究生能力培养的启示

英国高等教育质量在国际上享有盛誉,作为教育体系中的重要环节,英国对课堂教学模式非常重视。研究英国的课堂教学模式,分析其培养学生能力多样化的教学方式对我国专业学位硕士研究生培养提供的借鉴和启示。     

主导产业集聚与物流业发展的耦合关系研究——以西北五省(自治区)为例

本文运用区位商对西北五省的主导产业进行识别,并选取相应指标代表主导产业集聚程度和物流业发展水平,利用熵值法拟合出各省的主导产业集聚程度指数和物流业发展水平指数,计算各省上述两个指数的有序度并运用耦合协调模型计算二者之间在2007—2017年度的耦合协调度.结合各省(自治区)两个指数的有序度回归关系和相关关系进行分析,得出除青海省以外,其余四省(自治区)主导产业集聚程度和物流业发展水平均从不协调逐渐走向协调,青海省在剔除三个采矿业以后从不协调走向协调的结论.在此基础上,提出西北地区应进一步提升物流业运行效率,加大物流业的投资,加强物流产业区域间合作与协同,努力推动区域主导产业的集聚化发展和转型升级的相关政策建议.     

Correlated random effects regression analysis for a log-normally distributed variable

In regression analysis, it is assumed that the response (or dependent variable) distribution is Normal, and errors are homoscedastic and uncorrelated. However, in practice, these assumptions are rarely satisfied by a real data set. To stabilize the heteroscedastic response variance, generally, log-transformation is suggested. Consequently, the response variable distribution approaches nearer to the Normal distribution. As a result, the model fit of the data is improved. Practically, a proper (seems to be suitable) transformation may not always stabilize the variance, and the response distribution may not reduce to Normal distribution. The present article assumes that the response distribution is log-normal with compound autocorrelated errors. Under these situations, estimation and testing of hypotheses regarding regression parameters have been derived. From a set of reduced data, we have derived the best linear unbiased estimators of all the regression coefficients, except the intercept which is often unimportant in practice. Unknown correlation parameters have been estimated. In this connection, we have derived a test rule for testing any set of linear hypotheses of the unknown regression coefficients. In addition, we have developed the confidence ellipsoids of a set of estimable functions of regression coefficients. For the fitted regression equation, an index of fit has been proposed. A simulated study illustrates the results derived in this report.     

基于多元时间序列相似性度量的协调发展模型

针对区域经济和能源产业之间发展的协调度,选取具有代表性的指标来刻画经济系统和能源系统的发展现状,用夹角余弦相似性度量方式来刻画两个子系统之间的协调度,构建了基于多元时间序列相似性度量的协调度函数,并建立一个动态的协调度发展模型。该模型由指标选取、数据标准化和协调度函数三部分组成。同时,就湖南省的区域经济和能源产业协调发展进行了实证分析,提出相应的协调发展建议。     

全日制兽医专业硕士课程体系优化原则与途径——以山东农业大学为例

根据全日制兽医专业硕士学位的培养目标,以及目前全日制兽医硕士专业学位课程设置,指出了当前课程体系存在的实践课程比重偏小、选修课局限性太强和课程设置过于死板等问题,并结合兽医专业硕士的自身特点和培养原则从专业课程、选修课程、实践课程三方面提出了课程体系的理论性与专业性、广泛性与实用性、技术性与前沿性相结合等优化原则,以及如何实现兽医专业硕士课程体系的合理化、多元化和专业化的三大途径。     

公益广告的攻心策略

公益广告的效果研究一直处于广告研究的滞后阶段。目前的公益广告存在着“隔岸观火”和“隔靴搔痒”两大病症。问题的关键是广告诉求与受众的相关度不高。对症下药,提高公益广告效果的策略有三:真实再现、指向明确和对比联想。