保密电子邮件传递过程中的法律关系研究

电子邮件作为一种新的通信方式已经被越来越多的人接受和使用。由于一般电子邮件使用的是SMTP(简单邮件传输协议)和POP3协议(邮局协议),而这两种协议实行的是网络传输,基本上没有什么安全技术来保证通信秘密。因此,人们开始借鉴邮政挂号信函的传递方式,运用密码技术和简单公钥机制(SPKM)对现行的电子邮件通信进行改革,以实现通信的保密性,并为可能的纠纷保留证据。基于SPKM的挂号保密电子邮件通信就是这种改进的产物。与一般电子邮件的传递不同的是,这种保密电子邮件的传递不仅需要邮件服务器的提供者的参与,而且还需要认证中心CA等有关主体的参与。因此,正确界定有关各方当事人之间的法律关系是这种保密电子邮件正常传递的必要条件。      

广西北部湾经济区开放开发的协调性分析

要加快广西北部湾经济区开放开发,形成经济发展新一极,首先应理顺行政区划与发展、利益与发展、和谐与发展三方面关系,从而将区位、港口、资源等优势,转变为经济优势、后发优势,实现经济又好又快发展。     

“Farewell to the Cold War”： the historical implications of China＇s normalizing its relations with the Soviet Union

从中国与冷战关系的角度看,中苏关系正常化的进程反映了中国对外政策逐步摆脱冷战时期形成的战略思维框架,以及中国决策层在改革开放中逐步形成和丰富起来的外交新理念。建国初期,中国领导人选择的发展战略是追随苏联的模式,对外政策则选择了“一边倒”与苏联结盟。经历了近三十年的动荡与波折,中国领导人终于提出了“中国特色的社会主义道路”,并选择了“独立自主的不结盟的和平外交”,这标志着自1950年代末以来,中国的国家发展战略与外交政策终于又一次实现了根本性的协调,其结果就是“告别冷战”。     

社区治理：公民社会的微观基础

本文试图通过一种分析视角,在一定程度上显示中国城市基层社区中公民社会的微观基础,以及这种微观基础与“社区共治”及社区“治理结构”之间的微妙联系,同时也提醒读者在深刻揭示这种微妙联系时必须把研究视角聚焦到具体行动空间的权力关系及协调机制。     

Dynamic Matching,Two‐Sided Incomplete Information,and Participation Costs: Existence and Convergence to Perfect Competition

Consider a decentralized, dynamic market with an infinite horizon and participation costs in which both buyers and sellers have private information concerning their values for the indivisible traded good. Time is discrete, each period has length δ, and, each unit of time, continuums of new buyers and sellers consider entry. Traders whose expected utility is negative choose not to enter. Within a period each buyer is matched anonymously with a seller and each seller is matched with zero, one, or more buyers. Every seller runs a first price auction with a reservation price and, if trade occurs, both the seller and the winning buyer exit the market with their realized utility. Traders who fail to trade continue in the market to be rematched. We characterize the steady‐state equilibria that are perfect Bayesian. We show that, as δ converges to zero, equilibrium prices at which trades occur converge to the Walrasian price and the realized allocations converge to the competitive allocation. We also show the existence of equilibria for δ sufficiently small, provided the discount rate is small relative to the participation costs.     

公共关系的公共性解读

Public Relations 的概念自从被介绍翻译到中国以来,就引起了很多翻译上的争执,其中译作“公共关系”和“公众关系”是两种主要意见。该文从公共性角度出发,通过对公共关系的历史沿革和概念分析,认为公共关系基本理念的发展历程就是追求真公共性的历程,从而“公共关系”的译法能够准确地表达出公共性的理念,为公共关系学科的发展奠定了一个真实的基础。     

Friendship,Negative Peer Experiences,and Daily Positive and Negative Mood

We examined the effect of negative peer experiences (NPEs; peer victimization and exclusion) on mood (depressed, angry, positive). Seventy‐seven (43 female) fifth graders from elementary schools located in a small town in the Midwest completed a friendship quality measure, in addition to daily reports (seven school days) of mood and peer experiences. Multilevel modeling showed that children who had NPEs in which no one intervened had more negative and less positive mood. For negative mood, this result was attenuated if the child had a friend who was generally helpful. The results demonstrate the positive role of bystanders during NPEs and highlight the protective role of high‐quality friendships.     

Cyber Aggression: The Relation between Online Offenders and Offline Social Competence

Children are increasingly using computer technologies to engage in acts of aggression against peers, often termed ‘cyber aggression’. Media reports have sensationalized instances of cyber aggression, and social scientists have begun to examine its characteristics and consequences. Using a younger sample of children than most previous research (192 third‐ through sixth‐grade children), the present research evaluated grade and gender effects on cyber aggression and, most importantly, evaluated the classroom peer social consequences of engaging in cyber aggression, after controlling for traditional, face‐to‐face aggression. Children reported engaging in cyber aggression at comparable rates across grades and between males and females. Engaging in cyber aggression was related to higher rates of loneliness and lower rates of global self‐worth, peer optimism, number of mutual friendships, social acceptability, and popularity. In short, after controlling for effects attributable to traditional aggression, cyber aggression was related to significant negative peer relations outcomes.     

东亚与南亚地区间经济关系及发展趋势

东亚与南亚因发展水平上的差距而形成了两个极不对称的经济区域,目前两区域间的经济联系比较薄弱。主要原因是双方目前并不属于相同的区域经济体系,两地区间缺乏向心力和关联产业,区域间经济联系的规模受到南亚经济能力的约束。东亚＂西扩＂是解决上述问题的趋势路径,其内涵是以东亚向南亚的产业转移为纽带,将拟建的东亚独立区域市场与南亚的工业化启动进程联结起来,实现世界经济中这两个高增长地区的结构性连接和共同发展。     

关于半总统制体制的类型和稳定性分析

伴随越来越多新兴民主国家在政治转型时实行半总统制,如今半总统制体制日益成为比较政治研究中的重要问题。学界从不同角度对半总统制加以定义并进行类型分析,其中魏玛共和国是历史上的典型案例。魏玛共和国的经验教训和各国的政治实践表明,一国的权力关系结构和制度设计关乎该国政治运行的走向,权力关系结构过度分散和政党政治的过度分化不利于政治的稳定发展,尤其不利于民主基础薄弱的发展中国家政治的稳定发展。