晚清西南民族地方司法案卷材料“合理性”的构建及其启示

晚清西南民族地方司法中以口供笔录为代表的案卷材料生成和制作的规范化和统一性要求，体现出案卷材料“合理性”的构建，而案卷材料合理性构建的目标是实现对案件事实真相的探知。地方书吏文书制作的专业化技能、案卷制作中的严格规范化程序、以及县官对书吏负有的道德和非制度性的责任等，为案卷材料合理性构建提供了重要的基础和保障。晚清西南民族地方案卷材料构建具有合理性，但材料制作过程可能存在不可靠风险，从晚清西南民族地方案卷材料制作的固有规律和官僚体制运行特点来看，这一风险又可加以合理解释，进而存在规避或化解材料不可靠风险的可能。晚清西南民族地方司法实践对案卷材料进行的合理性构建，为当代我国案卷材料生成和制作方式的转变提供了重要启示。     

Notes and Communications REPLANNING FREQUENCIES FOR MASTER PRODUCTION SCHEDULES

Updating production plans typically is achieved by rolling the planning horizon forward one period at a time, each time including the latest information in order to determine the best course of action to pursue in the present period. Theoretical planning-horizon studies have identified the conditions by which the production decisions in the current and some specified number of future periods remain optimal given some set of future demands. Motivated by these findings, this study addresses the replanning frequency in a hierarchical production planning problem where no planning-horizon theorems are available. In this problem the aggregate production plan and the master production schedule are linked by a rolling-horizon practice. Empirical experimentation indicates that under certain cost and demand conditions the master production schedule need not be updated every period. If a schedule does not need to be updated for several periods, the schedule for these periods can be frozen to provide stability for planning components at lower levels in the bill of material of the products. The results of this study thus provide some reference for the determination of the frozen portion of the master production schedule.