Regimes of Mobility Across the Globe

Mobility studies emerged from a postmodern moment in which global ‘flows’ of capital, people and objects were increasingly noted and celebrated. Within this new scholarship, categories of migrancy are all seen through the same analytical lens. This article and Regimes of Mobility: Imaginaries and Relationalities of Power, the special issue of JEMS it introduces, build on, as well as critique, past and present studies of mobility. In so doing, this issue challenges conceptual orientations built on binaries of difference that have impeded analyses of the interrelationship between mobility and stasis. These include methodological nationalism, which counterpoises concepts of internal and international movement and native and foreigner, and consequently normalises stasis. Instead, the issue offers a regimes of mobility framework that addresses the relationships between mobility and immobility, localisation and transnational connection, experiences and imaginaries of migration, and rootedness and cosmopolitan openness. The introduction highlights how, within this framework and its emphasis on social fields of differential power, the contributors to this collection ethnographically explore the disparities, inequalities, racialised representations and national mythscapes that facilitate and legitimate differential mobility and fixity. Although the authors examine nation-state building processes, their analysis is not confined by national boundaries.     

Moving Subjects,Stagnant Paradigms: Can the ‘Mobilities Paradigm’ Transcend Methodological Nationalism?

This article contends that an emerging ‘mobilities paradigm’ within the social sciences reproduces an analytical gaze that is predominantly fixated on the movement of people across national borders. This privileging of state borders and categories in many of the mobilities studies should alert us to the extent to which it brings novelty to our examination of human mobility in the world. By analysing the flow of migrant workers from rural China to Israel, this article demonstrates how new insights regarding the importance and meaning of crossing national borders can be generated by looking at mobilities through the eyes of those involved in them, allowing state categories and national borders to prefigure in the analysis to an extent and form that are relevant for migrants. The article depicts the mobility-ridden life of Tseng, who comes from a small village in Fujian province and who, after migrating internally in China several times, decides to go to Israel. Highlighting the importance of unequal capital accumulation in shaping human mobility, the article questions some taken-for-granted assumptions about the motivation and situation of those who exercise international mobility; it particularly upsets a prevalent association in migration studies between physical and socio-economic mobility.     

Complementary gender stereotypes and system justification: the moderating role of essentialist lay theories for group differences / Estereotipos de género complementarios y justificación del sistema: el papel moderador de las teorías populares esencialistas sobre las diferencias grupales

Past research has established that complementary stereotypes of men and women serve to justify the gendered division of labour as well as the division of labour in society at large. This paper is concerned with the essentialist lay theories for the origin of group differences (i.e. belief in genetic determinism vs. belief in social determinism) which may moderate the justificatory effect of complementary gender stereotypes. We present data from an experimental study conducted in Greece, in which genetic vs. social deterministic lay theories for group differences and complementary vs. non-complementary accounts of gender differences were crossed. In these data, complementary accounts of gender increased participants’ justificatory responses only when a genetic deterministic context was made salient; on the contrary, the social deterministic context appeared to buffer the justificatory function of complementary accounts of gender. The results extend the literatures on the justificatory effects of complementary stereotypes as well as on essentialism, and point to the importance of the historical context in which particular ideas and lay theories for intergroup differences are embedded.     

课程本质研究中本质主义思维方式的反思与超越

本质主义思维方式制约了课程本质研究的深入发展,立足当代哲学立场,提倡一种与本体相分的在实践中动态生成的多元、关系性、开放、合理性的本质观,合理的对待本质主义思维方式,进而提出从多视角以动态生成的思维在目的、规范与规律的统一、应然和必然的统一中探讨课程本质的一系列超越本质主义思维方式的思路和原则,以期推动对课程本质的研究。     

文艺学知识形态建构的三种方式

文艺学知识形态建构的三种方式分别是本质主义、反本质主义和建构主义。本质主义强调知识的系统性、科学性和经典性，反本质主义重视知识的历史性、地方性和日常性，建构主义追求知识的关系性、交往性和融合性。文艺学知识形态建构的多元方式应该形成一种和谐关系和理论合力，根据不同领域的特点评价和运用适当的建构方式，并时刻保持对文艺学知识形态建构的批判性反思。     

Language rights: Moving the debate forward

This article provides an overview of the current issues and challenges facing the nascent paradigm of minority language rights (MLR). It focuses on the theoretical points of dispute and tension with respect to MLR, as well as the challenges attendant upon their implementation in complex, multiethnic and multilingual contexts. The article acknowledges, but also responds to, key critiques of MLR to date. These include debates about linguistic modernisation, linguistic identities and essentialism, language and social mobility, and macro and micro language practices. In light of these debates, the article speculates about possible ways forward for the MLR paradigm.     

20世纪中后期中国美学中的本质论

中国当代美学存在着一种严重的本质论倾向,即20世纪中期唯物认识论的美学本质论;80年代实践美学的历史理性论的美学本质论;90年代“后实践美学”超理性的美学本质论。这3种美学本质论都对中国美学的历史进程做出了重要的理论贡献,但也存在着不可忽视的局限性。     

Coverage and non-response errors in the UK New Earnings Survey

Summary.  The methods underpinning the UK's annual structural earnings survey—the New Earnings Survey—have remained largely unchanged since the survey's inception in 1970. Gradual changes in the labour market over recent years have led to coverage errors in the survey; non-response may also introduce error if it is non-random. The paper describes some of the New Earnings Survey's main non-sampling errors, the effect on survey results and the research that was undertaken by the Office for National Statistics as part of the development of the new Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings to be able to remove or otherwise to account for these errors.     

文化想象与"欧洲观念"的建构

文化想象是"欧洲观念"中不容忽视的一个层面,它建立在文化优越论的基础上,在"欧洲观念"的建构中起到了十分重要的作用.审视"欧洲观念"中文化想象的成分,有利于人们从批评的视角更加客观地理解"欧洲观念"的实质.特别是当全球化进程对一切文化的边界造成冲击时,摒弃"欧洲观念"中本质主义的成分,以文化多元主义来建构新的体现文化差异的"欧洲观念"就显得尤为迫切和必要.     

Ethnicity and culture: thinking about 'police ethnicity'

Research about the development of ethnic identifications within contexts of employment has been neglected, not least by proponents of 'new ethnicities'. Drawing on evidence from a two year study of Black Police Associations in the constabularies of England and Wales, this paper is concerned with the construction and sustaining of a particular notion of ethnicity, related to police employment. Black Police Association members have claimed a distinct experience of police employment related directly to their being 'black' and, therefore, an essentialism forming a boundary marking them off from white officers. 'Police ethnicity', however, is a strategic notion that is somewhat fragile and exclusive. The consequences of BPA definitions of being a black officer are explored. The paper ends with a consideration of the wider, intellectual consequences of researching ethnicity within employment.