Competing for orthodoxy: territorial kings and the creation of lineages among the Tujia

This paper explores cultural unity and diversity in terms of the origins of orthodoxy. First, it examines the long-standing tradition of territorial kings (tuwang) in the local context – this tradition persisted even under the native chieftain (tusi) system imposed by imperial states. Secondly, it argues that the dual identities of native chieftains reflect competing claims to orthodoxy. Native chieftains derive their legitimacy not only from the state but also from their territory. To root their legitimacy in the territory itself, native chieftains emphasized their ancestors’ heroic events and their own ability as territorial kings to protect the region from invasions by other chieftains as well as the imperial state, while also stressing their ability to provide continued spiritual protection after their deaths. This paper furthermore shows that, in the process of constructing a system of ritual orthopraxy through incorporating state-promoted rituals like ancestor worship, native chieftains gained legitimacy by integrating Tujia society, on the one hand, while expanding their territories along the Western Hunan Miao frontier, on the other hand.     

Medically speaking: Mandative adjective extraposition in physician speech

Clinical recommendations are central features of physician‐patient interaction. Mandative adjective extraposition (MAE; e.g. it's important to …) is one of many linguistic forms used by physicians in providing recommendations. This study decomposes MAE, a relatively unexplored sociolinguistic variable, into features that contribute to its deontic interpretation. It establishes that MAE's component features convey different degrees of illocutionary force, whereby some forms are perceived to be more compelling (i.e. stronger) than others. It further suggests that said forms index confidence in physician speech. Utilizing a large U.S.‐wide corpus of medical consultations, it demonstrates that physicians use stronger MAE forms as they gain professional experience. Within specific practice settings, physicians' use of strong MAE forms is additionally constrained by patients' medical severity. Collectively, this evidence points to socialization into medical practice as the major social force impacting MAE variation across physicians' professional lifespans, pushing physicians towards authoritative‐sounding variants despite interactional pressures favoring indirectness.     

《百苗图》：近代中国早期民族志

通过对清帝国所绘制的多个版本的<百苗图>的绘制缘由、分类体系、构图方式、人物呈现、风俗描绘、宗教信仰的描述等多方面进行细致的分析解读,说明这一图绘所折射的乃是清帝国关于"他者"的认识与想像.在近代早期进程中,即大约于1500年至1800年之间,不同类型的扩张性国家与帝国,在或经由征讨、或直接殖民、或借助外交而扩张时,收集并记录了即将与之往来互动的人群的信息;并且,对他者的民族志兴趣并非是一个"西方独有的"现象,而是更广泛的近代早期时期的国家建构过程的一部分.     

中医药文化对“一带一路”沿线国家传播策略研究

梳理中医药文化在“一带一路”沿线国家的传播历史,探析中医药文化对外传播在人才短缺、传播失真和政策壁垒等方面存在的问题并分析原因,指出推动中医药文化走出去的基础在于讲好新时代的中医故事,让世界更好地认识和理解中医药文化,并提出制定标准、培养人才、设置议程、精准传播和创新形式等传播策略。     

制度变迁的演化博弈分析——以医疗改革为例

有限理性的行为主体不能获得自己及其他人的全部策略或收益的信息,各行为主体在相互的利益博弈过程中观察他人的策略,通过学习模仿选择高收益的策略。选择高收益策略的人数比例逐步增大,经过一段时期的策略调整达到稳定均衡状态。因此,制度的变迁就是行为主体在博弈过程中为最大化,其自身收益不断调整策略而渐进演化的过程。     

论循证中医学实施之关键

将循证医学引入中医学领域形成循证中医学,是历史的必然,是中医药走向世界的重要步骤,能为中医临床、中医政策决策、中医教育等发展提供强有力的帮助。循证中医学实施之关键是最佳文献评价方法的确定。     

试述苗族的祖神崇拜和物神崇拜

神灵崇拜是苗族人民精神世界的一个重要组成部分,对于万物有灵的苗族来说,当他们寻根问祖时,认为枫香树、鸲鹆鸟、盘瓠、蝴蝶妈妈、姜央与他们的祖先有关,便创造了一些祖神的形象。当他们感恩图报时,认为牛、枫叶、芭茅草、竹、石给他们带来了福祉,便创造了一些物神对他们进行崇拜。     

论对医学的全面理解--从中医理论对人的理解来看

各种医学理论及体系、医疗方法等多元医学实践活动的存在 ,共同构筑现代医学的整体内涵。对医学进行全面理解的观点很多 ,其中最重要的是医学是建立在人学基础之上的学科。现代医学在这一点上或多或少地存在一定不足 ,中医学理论和实践中在强调人的因素方面有着独特的理解     

开发与保护我国中药知识产权的几个问题

中药是中华民族的瑰宝。中药作为特殊的商品,随着世界医药市场的竞争,其知识产权被侵犯的事例多有发生。开发与保护中药知识产权的战略和策略问题已成为迫切的课题。     

贵州苗族地区留守老人问题研究

伴随着我国农村人口老龄化进程的不断加快,子女不在身边的留守老人正成为日益庞大的一个特殊群体。随着贵州外出务工人员不断增加,留守老人越来越多。贵州省的苗族人口更高达430万人,占全国苗族人口的48.1%,是全省少数民族中人口最多的民族。苗族留守老人与其他老年群体相比,他们有自己特有的生活方式和风俗习惯。本文主要论述苗族地区留守老人的生活、健康状况、思想观念以及面临的困境,渗透社会工作理念,提出社会工作介入途径。