古汉语音部分"见"母字在苗瑶语中的接触和演变

古汉语"见"母字也称"牙"音字,用现代语言学的术语来表述就是"舌根音"声母字.从郑张尚芳先生等的构拟来看,古汉语不但"见"系字有丰富的"舌根音"声母,同时古汉语的"影"系字也有丰富的"小舌音"声母.而在我国现当代少数民族语言中,苗瑶语的"小舌音"声母是比较丰富的.尤其是在现当代黔东苗语里,"小舌音"声母不但成系统地保留...     

高排苗族的拟制亲属与群体整合

高排苗族的拟制亲属关系调查显示，基于拟制亲属的群体整合可发生在个体之间，也可发生在家庭、家族之间。其类型包括“亲子型”与“平辈型”两种。拟制亲属不仅是个人扩大社会网络的实用策略，也是维持苗族村落内部秩序的重要机制。     

不同种类中草药及其配比对吉林白鹅的增绒效果的研究

本文以吉林白鹅为试验材料,根据吉林白鹅羽绒生长规律及中草药的特性,配制出三种不同的中草药添加剂A、B、C三组饲喂吉林白鹅,D组为对照组。通过中草药对吉林白鹅生后期毛囊发育过程影响的系统分析和研究,从而分析中草药添加剂对增绒效果的影响。与对照组D组相比,A、B、C三组吉林白鹅毛囊发育状况均好于D组,效果显著,且C组最佳。     

苗族习惯法的遗留、演变

在现今依法治国大背景下，苗族地区遗留、演变下来的部分习惯法由于贴近人们的生产、生活实际而在发挥良性作用，成为国家法的有益补充。文章主要从苗族的“理词”、“议榔词”、“议榔规约”等习惯法内容，“埋岩”、议榔等活动，“捞汤”等神明裁判，石刻碑文，继承和吸收习惯法内容的乡规民约、村规民约等方面，进行了梳理和论述。     

The self-prescribed use of aromatherapy oils by pregnant women

BackgroundWhile some studies have reported effectiveness of aromatherapy oils use during labour there is no reported evidence of efficacy or risks of aromatherapy oils use for pregnancy-related symptoms or conditions. A number of aromatherapy oils are unsafe for use by pregnant women yet there is currently no research examining the prevalence and characteristics of women who use aromatherapy oils during pregnancy.AimTo conduct an empirical study of the prevalence and characteristics of women who use aromatherapy oils during pregnancy.MethodsThe research was conducted as part of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH), focusing on the nationally representative sample of Australian women aged 31–36 years. Data were collected via a cross-sectional questionnaire (n = 8200) conducted in 2009.ResultsSelf-prescribed aromatherapy oils were used by 15.2% of pregnant women. Pregnant women were 1.57 (95% CI: 1.01, 2.43) times more likely to self-prescribe use of aromatherapy oils if they have allergies or hayfever, and 2.26 (95% CI: 1.34, 3.79) times more likely to self-prescribe use of aromatherapy oils if they have a urinary tract infection (UTI).ConclusionOur study highlights a considerable use of aromatherapy oils by pregnant women. There is a clear need for greater communication between practitioners and patients regarding the use of aromatherapy oils during pregnancy, as well a need for health care practitioners to be mindful that pregnant women in their care may be using aromatherapy oils, some of which may be unsafe.     

Treatment allocation strategies for umbrella trials in the presence of multiple biomarkers: A comparison of methods

Umbrella trials are an innovative trial design where different treatments are matched with subtypes of a disease, with the matching typically based on a set of biomarkers. Consequently, when patients can be positive for more than one biomarker, they may be eligible for multiple treatment arms. In practice, different approaches could be applied to allocate patients who are positive for multiple biomarkers to treatments. However, to date there has been little exploration of how these approaches compare statistically. We conduct a simulation study to compare five approaches to handling treatment allocation in the presence of multiple biomarkers – equal randomisation; randomisation with fixed probability of allocation to control; Bayesian adaptive randomisation (BAR); constrained randomisation; and hierarchy of biomarkers. We evaluate these approaches under different scenarios in the context of a hypothetical phase II biomarker-guided umbrella trial. We define the pairings representing the pre-trial expectations on efficacy as linked pairs, and the other biomarker-treatment pairings as unlinked. The hierarchy and BAR approaches have the highest power to detect a treatment-biomarker linked interaction. However, the hierarchy procedure performs poorly if the pre-specified treatment-biomarker pairings are incorrect. The BAR method allocates a higher proportion of patients who are positive for multiple biomarkers to promising treatments when an unlinked interaction is present. In most scenarios, the constrained randomisation approach best balances allocation to all treatment arms. Pre-specification of an approach to deal with treatment allocation in the presence of multiple biomarkers is important, especially when overlapping subgroups are likely.     

《艺风老人日记》中的陈三立资料发微

《艺风老人日记》共出现陈三立的名号221次,记录了日记作者缪荃孙与陈三立从光绪十七年(1891)到民国七年(1918)交游往还的史实,为我们了解、研究陈三立的人事关系、诗作本事、诗钟活动提供了珍贵的第一手材料。     

语义和交际观下《红楼梦》医药文化因素的英译策略

《红楼梦》中长达5万余字的中医药翻译对于祖国传统文化的传播和文学艺术作品的欣赏具有重要的作用。语义翻译和交际翻译观为中医药文化的翻释提供了一个崭新的视角与研究方法,二者的关系是相辅相成的,缺一不可的。在翻译中,二者也是交替使用,有时会合二为一。对比两译本发现霍译本与杨译本都采用了语义翻译和交际翻译相结合的策略,但侧重点各有不同,文章从纽马克的语义和交际翻译观出发,通过对比杨译本和霍译本的得失为中医药在文学中的翻译找到一套可行的办法。     

浅谈如何提高临床医学专业流行病学的教学效果

提高非预防专业流行病学教学效果,培养适应当前新形势、新任务的合格医学卫生人才,是广大流行病学教育工作者面临的重要任务。文章通过教学实践,对临床医学专业流行病学教学提出几点建议:紧密联系临床及预防实践,提高学生学习流行病学的兴趣;课堂授课与课后自学相结合,培养学生的自主学习能力和创新思维能力;开展"问题为基础"的教学模式,提高课堂讲课效率;加强教学实践,提高学生解决实际问题的能力。     

动物医学专业“指导—自学—实践”三结合教学模式研究

动物医学专业实践性强,经济社会发展对动物医学人才的综合素质提出了更高的要求;分析了目前动物医学教学存在的问题和原因;提出了多层次指导、多形式自学、多元化实践相结合的实践教学模式;形成了配套的教学文件,促进了教学基地建设,拓宽了实践教学渠道,提高了青年教师的整体素质,培养了高素质的学生,激发了学生自主学习兴趣,初步证实了该模式的科学性和可行性。得出此模式对同类院校的教学改革具有一定的参考、推广价值。