中古吴兴武康姚氏之家风与家学--从一个侧面看文化因素在世族传承中的作用

吴兴姚氏起自汉末、孙吴时期 ,此后长期衰微 ,仕途不畅 ,沦为“贱族”。然因其有文化 ,姚氏不仅得以保持“素族”的本色 ,而且在南北朝后期有所振作 ,至唐代宦位荣显。由于儒家文化的熏染 ,姚氏子弟多有忠义与孝义之行。就其家学言 ,姚氏早期以通晓儒家经术知名 ,南北朝后期注重文史 ,至隋、唐终得大成。同时姚氏精于医术 ,在北朝倍受重视 ,这为其家族地位的上升提供了契机     

儒学的转型和文学的解构——论韩愈的思想与创作

“安史之乱”以后,唐代在思想与文学上都有一次解构潮流,而韩愈是这一潮流的重要代表。他在儒学道统中独宗孟子,其意在于以孟子的心学为起点来重铸儒学,以对抗佛学的心学,从而开辟了儒学的汉学到宋学的转型之路;韩愈的文道合一的思想也与他对儒学的重铸具有密切联系。另外,韩愈在诗文创作上虽以“复古”为口号,但实质上是解构一切旧的文体范式,以凌轹古人、创意造言为务。韩愈的解构实践和观点,在中国文学史上发生了很大的影响。     

中东恐怖主义发展中的宗教与战争因素

中东恐怖主义的发展与宗教和战争两大因素相关。伊斯兰名义下的暴力恐怖活动与反对帝国霸权和侵略战争紧密相连,恐怖主义的行为主体不仅仅是伊斯兰极端主义组织一方,还包括美国和以色列在侵略战争中所实行的国家恐怖主义。这种态势决定了中东恐怖主义现象的复杂性。认清这种复杂性,明确伊斯兰名义下的恐怖主义与伊斯兰复兴、伊斯兰教的联系与区别,避免误解和混淆,将有助于对中东形势及整个国际政治有准确而深刻的认识。     

1955年埃苏武器交易内幕

第二次世界大战后美英一方面为了对抗苏联,把中东拉进全球冷战范围,另一方面又企图通过1950年美英法三国宣言控制对中东的武器供应,进而达到调整、保持该地区政治和军事均势之目的。埃及总统纳赛尔为了抵抗以色列的袭击,在请求美英给埃及提供武器不成的情况下,毅然转向苏联,通过捷克同苏联签订了购买武器的条约。苏埃武器交易使苏联势力进入中东,从而给中东局势带来了深远的影响。     

Leveraging middle managers’ brokerage for corporate entrepreneurship: The role of multilevel social capital configurations

Building on recent efforts to bring a socio-political perspective to social capital research, we develop and test a multilevel framework that explains why middle managers who occupy brokerage positions differ in their ability and willingness to engage in entrepreneurial behavior. More specifically, we provide a contextualized understanding of the links among middle managers' brokerage, their political-support ties, and their personal initiative. Results derived from data on 383 middle managers and 72 top managers in 34 business units indicate that political-support ties with top managers strengthen the relationship between middle managers’ brokerage and personal initiative. However, this positive effect depends on the social capital resources available in the focal business unit. It is attenuated in business units with a supportive and trusting social context and amplified in business units with high levels of internal connectedness. By uncovering these incompatibilities and complementarities, our study demonstrates the value of accounting for different social capital configurations and the interplay of their inherent social capital resources when examining the effects of brokerage on corporate entrepreneurship.     

初中语文“以读促写”教学策略探析

在语文教学中,阅读与写作的地位不容忽视,二者相辅相成,不可分割。但当下初中语文教学中却常常将阅读与写作割裂开来,本文针对这一现象进行深入剖析,在探寻原因的同时提出建议,力求在初中语文教学中真正落实读写结合,使读写交融、读写共生,真正做到“以读促写”,从而全面培养学生各方面的能力,促进学生语文核心素养的形成。     

论费孝通的"中部崛起"思想

以“志在富民”为己任的著名社会学家费孝通运用社会学的方法从“全国一盘棋”的角度,在中部地区“行行重行行”,探讨中部崛起之路,提出了许多具有远见卓识的见解和有价值的研究课题,值得我们认真学习和传承,沿着他中部崛起研究之路走下去。在费孝通看来,中部崛起不仅要使中部地区脱贫致富,赶上东部地区的发展,而且关乎东西部的发展。费孝通强调,中部崛起的基石就是要“从农业中长出工业来”。加强区域协作,为中部崛起注入强大的动力。欧亚大陆桥经济走廊和京九铁路经济走廊的建设是中部腾飞的重要战略。     

中东地区国际体系的发展演变及其特点

本文在对中东地区国际体系的历史演变进行回顾的基础上,发现了两个重要特点:一是中东地区的民族国家体系并不是一个完全自足的体系,而是具有某种开放性,其发展演化的逻辑很大程度上受国际体系的影响和制约;二是由于长期的历史和文化联系的存在,中东地区的互动和交流特别频繁,使该地区的国际体系在一定程度上呈现出共同体的特征.     

Diabetes education program for people with type 2 diabetes: An international perspective

BackgroundIn the Palestinian community, lifestyle changes, rapid urbanization and socioeconomic development, stress, smoking, and changes in food habits has increased the risk of non-communicable diseases especially diabetes mellitus. Diabetes complications can be prevented if the glycemic status of patients with diabetes is maintained within a nearly normal range. Therefore, patient education is critical in controlling blood glucose levels within the normal range.ObjectiveThis study aimed at measuring the effect of diabetes educational intervention program for patients suffering from type 2 diabetes attending the Diabetes Clinic in Tulkarim Directorate of Health.MethodsA short duration observational study involving pre- and post-test educational intervention program was carried out on a relatively small number of type 2 diabetes patients at the Diabetes Clinic in Tulkarim Directorate of Health. In total, 215 patients attended a group-based 4 h educational intervention session about diabetes. The program included explaining diabetes mellitus-symptoms, risk factors, types, treatment and complications and main aspects of self-care of the disease (foot care, eye care, and blood glucose monitoring), main aspects of dietary management, weight reduction, blood pressure, smoking cessation, periodic investigations, home monitoring and importance of physical activity. Knowledge evaluation questionnaire were evaluated pre- and post-study. Anthropometric measurements such as body weight (WT), body mass index (BMI) and laboratory tests such as fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), cholesterol (Chol), and triglycerides (TG) were measured both at the beginning and at the end of the study. Significance of the results was assessed by paired t-test at 95% confidence interval.ResultsThe participant’s mean age was 51.07 that ranged between 31 and 70 years. For a total of 215 participants, 41.4% were males and 58.6% were females. The mean weight before educational intervention was 80.81 ± 14.95 kg (82.6 kg for males and 79.5 kg for females) that decreased to 78.9 ± 14.33 kg (81.1 kg for males and 77.3 kg for females) after educational intervention program. The BMI also decreased significantly after educational intervention. The mean fasting blood sugar was 188.65 ± 71.45 mg/dL before educational intervention that decreased to 177.7 ± 66.11 mg/dL after the educational intervention (p = 0.049). The mean glycosylated hemoglobin was 8.57 ± 1.21 before educational intervention that decreased to 7.95 ± 1.42 after educational intervention. The mean value of cholesterol before educational intervention was 183.27 ± 37.74 mg/dL that decreased to 169.57 ± 34.23 mg/dL after educational intervention. The mean triglycerides value decreased after educational intervention from 209.85 ± 171.04 mg/dL to 183.28 ± 152.4 mg/dL (p = 0.025). The mean score of knowledge questionnaire before educational intervention was 60.6 ± 20.65 that increased to 78.1 ± 13.4 after conducting educational intervention.ConclusionsDiabetes education was found to be effective on BMI, FBG, HbA1c, Chol, TG, and knowledge.RecommendationsDiabetes education is a cornerstone in the management and care of diabetes and should be an integral part of health planning involving patient’s family, diabetes care team, community, and decision makers in the education process.     

Intrapartum cardiotocograph monitoring and perinatal outcomes for women at risk: Literature review

ProblemCaesarean section rates have risen in high-income countries. One of the potential drivers for this is the widespread use of CTG monitoring.BackgroundIntrapartum cardiotocograph monitoring is considered to be indicated for women at risk for poor perinatal outcome.AimThis systematic literature review with meta-analysis examined randomised controlled trials and non-experimental research to determine whether cardiotocograph monitoring rather than intermittent auscultation during labour was associated with changes in perinatal mortality or cerebral palsy rates for high-risk women.MethodsA systematic search for research published up to 2019 was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases. Non-experimental and randomised controlled trial research in populations of women at risk which compared intrapartum cardiotocography with intermittent auscultation and reported on stillbirth, neonatal mortality, perinatal mortality and/or cerebral palsy were included. Relative risks were calculated from extracted data, and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials was undertaken.FindingsNine randomised controlled trials and 26 non-experimental studies were included. Meta-analysis of pooled data from RCTs in mixed- and high-risk populations found no statistically significant differences in perinatal mortality rates. The majority of non-experimental research was at critical risk of bias and should not be relied on to inform practice. Cardiotocograph monitoring during preterm labour was associated with a higher incidence of cerebral palsy.DiscussionResearch evidence failed to demonstrate perinatal benefits from intrapartum cardiotocograph monitoring for women at risk for poor perinatal outcome.ConclusionThere is an urgent need for well-designed research to consider whether intrapartum cardiotocograph monitoring provides benefits.