试论马克思的产权理论与现代西方产权理论的主要分歧

马克思的产权理论与现代西方产权经济学的产权理论虽然有不少共同点,但两者之间在对资本主义产权制度研究的切入点、核心范畴,产权产生和存在的历史条件,产权与效率的关系(特别是公有产权和私有产权与效率的关系)这三个问题的认识上存在着原则分歧.我国当今的产权改革应批判性地借鉴西方的产权理论,发展马克思的产权理论.     

农民收入分配的宏观调控

城乡居民不合理收入差距导致了严重的社会经济后果,由此,政府特别是中央政府应加大财政支持力度来增加农村公共品的供给,改善农村社会经济环境,促进城乡社会经济一体化。     

Optimal block sequences for blocked fractional factorial split-plot designs

It is known that for blocked 2^n-k$2^{n-k}$ designs a judicious sequencing of blocks may allow one to obtain early and insightful results regarding influential parameters in the experiment. Such findings may justify the early termination of the experiment thereby producing cost and time savings. This paper introduces an approach for selecting the optimal sequence of blocks for regular two-level blocked fractional factorial split-plot screening experiments. An optimality criterion is developed so as to give priority to the early estimation of low-order factorial effects. This criterion is then applied to the minimum aberration blocked fractional factorial split-plot designs tabled in McLeod and Brewster [2004. The design of blocked fractional factorial split-plot experiments. Technometrics 46, 135–146]. We provide a catalog of optimal block sequences for 16 and 32-run minimum aberration blocked fractional factorial split-plot designs run in either 4 or 8 blocks.     

执政成本与执政效益的辩证及转化——兼论执政党的执政能力建设

研究执政党的执政成本与执政效益,是市场经济竞争与资源配置方式、信息社会资源利用与整合、民主与法制发展的新要求。执政成本与执政效益主要包括政治、经济、文化成本与效益。执政成本与执政效益的各要素之间以及相互之间是密切联系、相互转化的。执政党执政就是要创造条件降低执政成本,提高执政效益。     

基于产品寿命周期的质量成本模型及其分析

传统的质量成本数学模型通常是根据产品的合格率即产品的质量水平来建模的,无法反映产品质量成本与产品寿命之间的相互关系。本文根据产品所处寿命周期各个阶段质量成本的变化特性,建立产品在整个寿命周期的质量成本数学模型,即产品质量成本随产品寿命随机变量变化的函数关系;提出了尽量缩短产品介绍期时间,在产品成长期推行零缺陷的质量管理要求及设法延长产品成熟期时间的优化设计原则。     

我国山地旅游地景区饭店能耗的影响因素

随着旅游业的兴起，旅游与能源的关系越来越紧张，威胁着旅游的可持续发展。从能源的角度进行分析，认为饭店规模、饭店海拔高度、各种能源成本、能源多样性、能源政策、山地主要旅游活动是影响山地旅游地景区饭店能耗的主要因素，并提出通过建立饭店能源管理体系、调整能源使用结构、提高木材等能源的利用效率、加强政府的宏观调控与能源引导消费、分散山地旅游季节分布、培养专业节能管理人才等措施，推进山地旅游地景区饭店的可持续发展。     

市场化程度与物流企业成本效率的关系研究

文章利用2010—2015年相关数据，系统分析了市场化系数与所选17家物流企业的成本效率关系。研究发现，市场化程度对不同发展水平的物流企业的影响是不一样的，用方差分析验证其显著性水平均通过了检验。当物流企业本身的成本效率比较高（大于0.90）或者比较低（小于0.40）时，市场化程度的影响比较小；当企业本身的成本效率介于中间时（0.40～0.90），市场化程度的影响比较大，且在大于0.50时，市场化系数对其的影响呈现倒U型，而在小于0.50时呈U型。     

油气资源开发中的资源耗竭补偿标准

油气资源是可耗竭性资源,过度开采会损害子孙后代的利益。因此,油气资源税费体系应增加反映油气资源耗竭补偿的税费,以维护代际公平。油气资源耗竭补偿标准是研究油气资源耗竭补偿的难点和重点。采用使用者成本法对油气资源耗竭补偿标准进行研究,折现率和开采年限是两个重要参数。折现率选择时间偏好率,避免主观选择的随意性,开采年限应考虑新增储量。以中国2000—2014年数据测算,油气资源耗竭补偿标准为15%~22%,标准偏高。原因主要有两个:人均消费增长率偏高和开采年限偏低。     

Biopharmaceutical and chemical firms’ R&D disclosure,and cost of equity: The impact of the regulatory regime

Based on the proprietary costs theory, this paper aims to survey whether the regulatory regime (mandatory versus voluntary) of research and development (R&D) narrative disclosures impacts, by the means of a reduced information asymmetry, on the cost of equity capital. In order to construct a disclosure index to investigate the extent and the comprehensiveness of R&D information, the methodology adopted was the content analysis of 77 biopharmaceutical and chemical listed companies’ management reports from eight Western European countries across the period 2005–2009. Hence, we obtained an (unbalanced) panel data of 309 observations. The cost of capital has subsequently been regressed on the disclosure index. Results confirm a larger amount of R&D disclosures whereas information is more regulated, but they do not confirm an inverse relation with the cost of capital.     

Why Parents Pay for College: The Good Parent,Perceptions of Advantage,and the Intergenerational Transfer of Opportunity

This article asks how parents think about the cost of a college education for their children. Based on data from more than ninety in‐depth interviews with upper‐middle‐class parents and children, it is clear that grooming children for college and then paying for their education is intimately linked with ideas about being a “good parent.” We present data on three related aspects of parents' consciousness about paying for college. First, data are presented on how parents view the benefits of college for their children. Second, data illustrate how parents think about the obligations associated with paying. Third, we report on what parents expect in return for their efforts and expenditures. Data also indicate that parents' views are contingent on their perceived ability to pay for the increasing costs of higher education. We conclude by considering how the implicit contract between upper‐middle‐class parents and children may change as new economic and structural uncertainties increase parents' anxieties and challenge their abilities to see themselves as good parents.