Developing a typology of the 'duty to work', as experienced by lay persons with musculoskeletal disorders

Musculoskeletal diagnoses account for the majority of cases of reduced work capacity. This article investigates lay persons' strategies in relation to work and musculoskeletal disorders. Twenty interviews were conducted and analysed using grounded theory. A typology of self-presentations was developed. The interviewees' self-presentations revealed a strong sense of a 'duty to work'. This sense of duty took four different forms, leading us to categorise persons expressing particular forms as workaholics, work manics, workhorses or relaxed workers. Relaxed workers seem to have the best prognosis for recovery as they had a confident self-agency and worked to fulfil their own needs rather than those of others. This was in contrast to work manics, with an uncertain self-agency and driven to work by others' needs. In conclusion, awareness of such linguistic forms as self-attributions and idiomatic phrases provides an opportunity to identify and talk about individual's self-agency and driving forces in the recovery process.     

论工艺的观念和审美属性

工艺不仅是一种现象 ,而且还是一种精神。对工艺内涵的界定 ,如果仅凭直观 ,是不可能满足定义要求的。为了正确地把握工艺的本质 ,需要运用辩证的思维和发展的眼光 ,在精神层面展开研究。同时 ,将其纳入人类审美文化发展的广阔的视野 ,才能进一步看清工艺的审美属性 ,了解它的价值和意义     

“He Survives Everything”: A Latency-Aged Child with Play Disruption in the Face of Trauma and Early Object Loss

It is hypothesized that trauma and early object loss result in the arrest of the normal and healthy progression of a child's development and also disrupts a child's capacity to engage in symbolic play. In therapy, over time, with a constant object, a latency-aged child was able to re-enact early trauma and loss, make substantial gains in development, and begin to play in a symbolic and expressive way.     

英文段落的推展模式及内部衔接机制初探

从篇章语言学的角度看 ,英文段落依层级的概括性推展 ,并呈典型的直线性发展模式。英文作者主要利用词汇相等链、链式结构和编列结构衔接段中各语句来推展段落 ,从而使段落具有交际功能。英文语篇结构模式对英文习得者来说具有实际指导意义     

The Boston Area Diary Study and the Moral Citizenship of Care

This paper describes the theoretical foundations, empirical findings, and practical and philosophical implications of the Boston Area Diary Study (BADS), a study of the caring behavior of 44 participants over one calendar year. In particular, the paper presents an identification theory of care and discusses how it shaped the conceptualization, collection, and analysis of the data in a year-long diary study of daily voluntary assistance. The findings from the BADS (1) theoretically confirm the identification theory of care; (2) methodologically capture how individuals perceive and carry out caring behavior as a unity; and (3rpar; empirically document the existence of a moral citizenship in America that is substantially more vigorous than is implied by the usual indicators of civic and political citizenship.     

证券投资管理专业人才需求分析与人才规格设计

随着经济体制改革的深化,社会经济生活中对投融资的需求日益旺盛,大中型企业转机建制、民营企业谋求发展将更加依赖资本市场,证券业因此成为我国新兴行业,证券人才需求不仅空间巨大,而且呈现明显的层次性,既需要高层次的决策者、管理者,更需要具有较强职业技能的管理、服务第一线的应用性人才。证券投资管理专业应据此确定人才培养目标和人才培养规格。     

我国区域刑事法律冲突初探

我国各民族之间的差异、民族区域自治制度及其自治权的存在是我国区域刑事法律冲突产生的基本原因,而通过制定顾全大局、兼顾特别的变通性、补充性刑法规范,可缓解这一冲突;通过加快少数民族地区的发展步伐,逐步消除民族之间的政治、经济、文化上的差距,进而达到彻底消除这一冲突,实现法制统一的良好局面。     

Sampling Strategies for Toxic Air Contaminants

Annual concentrations of toxic air contaminants are of primary concern from the perspective of chronic human exposure assessment and risk analysis. Despite recent advances in air quality monitoring technology, resource and technical constraints often impose limitations on the availability of a sufficient number of ambient concentration measurements for performing environmental risk analysis. Therefore, sample size limitations, representativeness of data, and uncertainties in the estimated annual mean concentration must be examined before performing quantitative risk analysis. In this paper, we discuss several factors that need to be considered in designing field-sampling programs for toxic air contaminants and in verifying compliance with environmental regulations. Specifically, we examine the behavior of SO2, TSP, and CO data as surrogates for toxic air contaminants and as examples of point source, area source, and line source-dominated pollutants, respectively, from the standpoint of sampling design. We demonstrate the use of bootstrap resampling method and normal theory in estimating the annual mean concentration and its 95% confidence bounds from limited sampling data, and illustrate the application of operating characteristic (OC) curves to determine optimum sample size and other sampling strategies. We also outline a statistical procedure, based on a one-sided t-test, that utilizes the sampled concentration data for evaluating whether a sampling site is compliance with relevant ambient guideline concentrations for toxic air contaminants.     

Surname analysis for estimating local concentration of Hispanics and Asians

Surname analysis is a potentially useful technique for identifying members of particular racial, ethnic, or language communities within a population. We review the existing state of the art for identifying persons of Hispanic or Asian origin, based on surnames distinctive of each group. We describe the logic of surname analysis, profile several available surname dictionaries, and illustrate their applications in local redistricting. Results of our ongoing validation studies suggest promising future directions for improving accuracy and broadening applications.This article is based on a paper presented at the annual Population Association of America meetings at Cincinnati, 1 April 1993.