近代山西社会秩序再构与权威重塑——以民国初期山西新“村制”为例

民国初期,山西乡村政权组织的建置十分混乱,经济发展能力也日渐枯竭,因此阎锡山执政之初,即在山西乡村进行新"村制"的探索。这场以实行编村、整理村范、村民自治为主要内容的村政建设运动,可分为"国家提倡"和"村民自办"两个发展阶段。通过实行新"村制",阎锡山正式将国家行政权力网络延伸、渗透到基层政权的权力系统,客观上强化了乡村社会的行政组织,推动了乡村经济的发展和社会风气的转变,在实现了国家对山西乡村社会资源有效控制的同时,也使社会秩序逐渐从混乱走向有序。     

Managing Enterprise Risks of Technological Systems: An Exploratory Empirical Analysis of Vulnerability Characteristics as Drivers of Exploit Publication*

Enterprises experience opportunistic exploits targeted at vulnerable technology. Vulnerabilities in software‐based applications, service systems, enterprise platforms, and supply chains are discovered and disclosed on an alarmingly regular basis. A necessary enterprise risk management task concerns identifying and patching vulnerabilities. Yet it is a costly affair to develop and deploy patches to alleviate risk and prevent damage from exploit attacks. Given the limited resources available, technology producers and users must identify priorities for such tasks. When not overlooked, vulnerability‐patching tasks often are prioritized based on vulnerability disclosure dates, thus vulnerabilities disclosed earlier usually have patches developed and deployed earlier. We suggest priorities also should focus on time‐dependent likelihoods of exploits getting published. We analyze data on software exploits to identify factors associated with the duration between a vulnerability discovery date and the date when an exploit is publicly available, a time window for patching before exploit attack levels may escalate. Actively prioritizing vulnerability patching based on likelihoods of exploit publication may help lessen losses due to exploit attacks. Technology managers might apply the insights to better estimate relative risk levels, and better prioritize protection efforts toward vulnerabilities having higher risk of earlier exploitation.     

Complements or Substitutes? Culture–Technology Interactions in Healthcare

The U.S. government recommends that hospitals adopt Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE) systems to improve the quality problems that plague U.S. hospitals. However, CPOE studies show mixed results. We hypothesize that CPOE effectiveness depends on the prevalence of patient safety culture within a hospital. Using organizational information processing theory, we describe how patient safety culture and CPOE enable healthcare organizations to better process information. Specifically, we posit that CPOE complements some aspects of patient safety culture and substitutes for others. Using ridge regression, we empirically test this proposition using data from 268 hospitals and multiple data sources. Results show that while CPOE complements the patient safety dimensions of handoffs and transitions, feedback and communication about error, and organizational learning, CPOE substitutes for the dimension of management support for safety, in the context of our dependent variable. As organizations work to implement new systems, this research can help decision‐makers understand how culture impacts such initiatives and account for culture when anticipating effects.     

麻省理工学院与北京邮电大学数学专业课程设置比较

美国麻省理工学院（MIT）在全美工科院校排名中连续多年位居第一,其基础学科数学系的专业课程设置独具风格。北京邮电大学是以信息科技为特色的多科性国内重点大学,数学专业的发展直接影响着学校人才培养目标的实现。北邮和MIT同为工科院校,介绍并比较两校数学专业课程设置对我校学科建设,尤其是数学专业制订培养方案具有重要的参考价值。     

Parameters for Safer Gambling Behavior: Examining the Empirical Research

There have been claims that new gambling technology is hazardous to player health, and that technological interventions can alleviate gambling-related harm. In this paper, we systematically review the empirical research about the nexus between gambling and technology to evaluate the veracity of these claims. We use a public health perspective (i.e., the Epidemiologic Triangle) to organize and present study results (i.e., agent, host, and environment). This review intends to offer insight about emerging technology and identify areas that indicate a need for additional research. Forty-seven studies met our inclusion and exclusion criteria; a review of this body of work shows that attempts to develop and implement safety features for new gambling technology are promising, but methodologically are rudimentary and limited in scope. Increased attention to the dynamic interaction among host, agent, and environment factors hold potential to advance the field. In addition, improved study methods (e.g., longitudinal analyses of actual betting behavior), and collaboration among policymakers, manufacturers, and researchers can increase understanding of how new gambling technology affects the public health and stimulate new strategies for implementing effective public health interventions.

现代中国思想史上的"民生主义"

现代中国的思想图景,从某种意义上来说是由主义所营造的,各种主义也成为解读近代中国历史最为基本的资源。这里所要检讨的是民生主义在抗战期间及战后所引发的回响。当我们把目光聚焦于20世纪30、40年代,很容易就会发现,三民主义中之民生主义得到更多关注,构成抗战建国纲领的基本内容,而在知识分子中也形成了这样的主导价值——政治民主,经济平等。对此的审视,或可对民生主义所展现的意义,有新的认知。     

晚清小说中的"新女性"

新女性的先锋性在晚清小说中以一种被扭曲的状态呈现,清末小说中指称的新女性,多数含有贬义,内含的评价是一种道德批判,并有着明显的男性视角特征.但这些"新女性"是近代最早争取个人自由和解放的女性.虽然她们的行动未必适当合度,但却用肉身冲击着陈腐的礼教,为女性走向个人解放做了最初的尝试.此后鸳蝴小说是以对"新女性"的否定,重拾旧女德,开始新一轮的言情.而五四文学又通过对鸳蝴小说的清算,去除了清末"新女性"的狭邪和颓废气息,重塑进步的知识女性的理想形象,重新为新女性正名,从而树立起更为成熟的现代女性形象.     

生态学马克思主义的核心问题及其对我们的启示——一个批判的视角

自然、技术、消费、资本等问题,不仅是现代性的重要问题,同时也是生态文明建设所应思考的核心问题;对这些问题的澄清不仅关涉到我们对生态文明理解的深度,也关涉到我们筹划社会主义生态文明建设所应站到的高度。生态学马克思主义利用马克思主义丰富的理论资源着重解决人类遇到的生态难题,分析了资本主义时代生态问题的根源和解决之路。对自然、技术、消费、资本主义制度等等实质性问题的深刻反思构成了生态学马克思主义切入当代全球生态问题的核心问题。本文将着重批判性地分析生态学马克思主义所关注的核心问题,并从对这些核心问题的分析中,获取对我们当前建设生态文明的启示。     

论艾青的现代诗人和诗艺原型意义

在艾青的诗论中,随时可以找到标准的革命现实主义式的论述,但同时又具有对于诗歌、对于语言本身的也许并非完全自觉的“危险的”强调。但恰恰是这些并非自觉的、艰难的努力和坚持。终究使得艾青在一种典型的巨大悖论中保持了厚实的艺术品质。艾青面对的历史境遇和处置历史的方式,具有中国现代诗人和诗艺的某种原型意义。这种原型意义并非是出于任何神秘的因素,而是因为艾青和他的诗歌,体现了中国现代诗人和诗歌的典型的历史命运和历史遭遇。     

GLOBALIZATION: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE WITHIN THE SPACE ECONOMY OF LATE CAPITALISM

This article analyses the process of globalization from the perspective of a 'political economy of space' where the interactions of the processes of capitalist accumulation within contexts of geographic and social space has profound shaping effects upon the nature of politics, economics and society more generally. The argument will show that contemporary globalization has two dimensions: outward into geographic space, and inward into culture and society. The focus then moves to culture and information technology within the space economy of late capitalism and argues that a crisis of finite geographic space has led to the deepening of the commodificationary processes of capitalist accumulation into the 'identity-spaces' of culture and society. For hugely popular 'cyber-gurus' such as Howard Rheingold and Myron W . Krueger, the development of information technologies such as the Internet-derived 'virtual communities' are spaces where new forms of democracy and 'being' can emerge. This article argues that 'cyberspace' and 'virtual communities' are deeply dystopic and alienated spaces, and cyber-Utopian dreams of other, possible worlds made virtual through information technology are at best naive, when it is realised that the information revolution that evolved from the processes of a particular type of globalization, has conceived and developed technologies with primarily profit, productivity, surveillance labour-saving and escapism in mind.