Practising Highland Heterotopias: Automobility in the Interior of Iceland

The paper describes the history and current enactments of automobility in the highland interior of Iceland and interprets this phenomenon through the notion of spatial history. We elucidate how the currently widespread practices of automotive travel in the highlands are mediated through the technological assemblage of the ‘jeep’ and its user. We argue that the travelling is done in a double sense; through an ‘inner’ space of the vehicle and an ‘outer’ space of the highland terrain. A heterotopic spatial history emerges, which offers detailed insights into this specific form of automobility. In the final part of the paper, implications of these travel practices for the politics of nature are discussed.     

Exact maximum likelihood for incomplete data from a correlated gaussian process

In many situations in which a variable is measured at locations in time or space the observed data can be regarded as incomplete, the missing data sites perhaps completing a regular pattern such as a rectangular grid. In this paper general methods not dependent on the sequential nature of time are considered for estimating the parameters of Gaussian processes. An example is given.     

Using Weight Functions in Spatial Point Pattern Analysis with Application to Plant Ecology Data

This paper presents procedures for percentile estimation in the three-parameter inverse Gaussian (IG3) and the two-parameter inverse Gaussian (IG2) distributions. All procedures require first the estimation of distribution parameters and second the computation of the desired quantile at the estimated parameters. Parameter estimation is accomplished by maximum likelihood (ML) or a mixed moments (MXM) method. A Newton-Rahpson (NR) procedure is used for inverting the CDF. Simulation and asymptotic results are given for the resulting estimators. Two sets of real data are used to illustrate the procedures.     

Measurement invariance matters: A case made for the ORTOFIN

In this paper, it is argued that the measurements of an underlying, latent variable cannot straightforwardly be used in group comparisons without testing whether the measurements relate to the latent variable in the same way for all groups. The procedure for testing this is discussed and is illustrated by assessing measurement invariance across groups with a different socio-economic status (SES) for the ORTOFIN, a scale measuring an individuals’ orientation toward finances [Loix, E., Pepermans, R., Mentens, C., Goedee, M., & Jegers, M. (2005). Orientation toward finances: Development of a measurement scale. The Journal of Behavioral Finance, 6, 192–201]. The results show that one factor of the ORTOFIN, i.e. ‘‘financial information”, is invariant across SES groups while ‘‘personal financial planning” lacks measurement invariance. Implications of these results are discussed.     

牙哈23凝析气田有效水体及驱动能量评价

牙哈23凝析气田是国内第一个采用整体循环注气部分保压开发的凝析气田，进行有效水体及驱动能量的估算对充分利用天然能量、保持合理的回注比、实现气田开发效益的最大化意义重大。     

Cook's distance in linear longitudinal models

Cook's distance (1977) has become the standard influence diagnostic tool for analyzing cross–sectional regression studies. This paper introduces an analogue of Cook's distance in fixed effects models for longitudinal data. We demonstrate that this statistic is dominated by the effects of nuisance parameters, and hence its effectiveness as an influence measure in the longitudinal data setting is limited.     

Multivariate analysis in genstat

Genstat is a general statistical language for data analysis. The facilities for multivariate and cluster analysis within the language are described as well as the many vector and matrix operations which can be used to form multivariate analysis programs. The contents of the standard macro library relevant to multivariate analysis are also discussed.     

The estimating function bootstrap

The authors propose a bootstrap procedure which estimates the distribution of an estimating function by resampling its terms using bootstrap techniques. Studentized versions of this so‐called estimating function (EF) bootstrap yield methods which are invariant under reparametrizations. This approach often has substantial advantage, both in computation and accuracy, over more traditional bootstrap methods and it applies to a wide class of practical problems where the data are independent but not necessarily identically distributed. The methods allow for simultaneous estimation of vector parameters and their components. The authors use simulations to compare the EF bootstrap with competing methods in several examples including the common means problem and nonlinear regression. They also prove symptotic results showing that the studentized EF bootstrap yields higher order approximations for the whole vector parameter in a wide class of problems.     

全光通信网技术

介绍了全光网 ＷＤＭ技术的基本概念和其具有的大容量、可升级性好的优越性；阐述了网络节点、管理方案以及网络自愈等方面的技术。全光网络对传统网络的升级主要体现为网络节点从电交换技术到光交换技术的升级，由此引发了网络管理及其相关技术的变化。     

常系数齐次线性微分方程组初值问题的求解公式及其应用

给出了常系数齐次线性微分方程组初值问题的一个求解公式 ,并由此推出常系数齐次线性差分方程组在给定的初始条件下的一个求解公式 .