师范生教育实习中的人际交往

师范生要取得实习成功，除了在知识储备、工作能力方面有足够的准备之外．还必须重视人际交往。要正确认识教育实习中人际交往的特点，认真研究教育实习中人际交往容易出现的问题，学习并掌握人际交往的相应技巧。     

Children's perceptions of others' understanding of moral transgressions: who should know better and why

The present study examined children's perceptions of other children's ability to make moral judgements. Preschool, kindergarten, first- and second-grade children rated the permissibility of moral transgressions for a same-age peer, a younger child and an older child. Children also were asked why the transgressions were wrong. Preschool and kindergarten children rated transgressions equally wrong for a same-age peer, a younger and an older child, whereas first and second graders rated transgressions for a same-age peer and an older child as more wrong than for a younger child. Preschoolers stated they did not know why the transgressions were wrong for a younger child, while kindergarten children reasoned that a younger child did not know the rules. First and second graders reasoned that a same-age peer and an older child should know ‘better’, but a younger child would not know ‘better’. Results suggest that children's perceptions of others' moral knowledge is related to children's ability to coordinate domains of social knowledge when making judgements of others' moral transgressions.     

同时反衬--杜诗的一种艺术境界

钱钟书先生从文学角度总结心理学中的"同时反衬现象",谓"寂静之幽深者,每以得声音衬托而愈觉其深"."诗人体物,早具会心",此一现象可以向多个层面延展,古人面对现实,诸如阔大的空间、混乱的时代、特殊的境遇,而反观自身难堪的遭遇,反衬中的两极壮阔与渺小、贫苦与富贵、才高与命舛,由于一方的存在,另一方会更加凸现,或同时增加彼此的份量.探绎杜诗中"同时反衬"整合出的极具感染力的艺术境界,从而体味诗人经营诗艺的苦心.     

Knowledge Life Cycle,Knowledge Inventory,and Knowledge Acquisition Strategies*

For a knowledge‐ and skill‐centric organization, the process of knowledge management encompasses three important and closely related elements: (i) task assignments, (ii) knowledge acquisition through training, and (iii) maintaining a proper level of knowledge inventory among the existing workforce. Trade‐off on choices between profit maximization in the short run and agility and flexibility in the long term is a vexing problem in knowledge management. In this study, we examine the effects of different training strategies on short‐term operational efficiency and long‐term workforce flexibility. We address our research objective by developing a computational model for task and training assignment in a dynamic knowledge environment consisting of multiple distinct knowledge dimensions. Overall, we find that organizational slack is an important variable in determining the effectiveness of training strategies. Training strategies focused on the most recent skills are found to be the preferred option in most of the considered scenarios. Interestingly, increased efficiencies in training can actually create preference conflict between employees and the firm. Our findings indicate that firms facing longer knowledge life cycles, higher slack in workforce capacity, and better training efficiencies actually face more difficult challenges in knowledge management.     

《石介事迹著作编年》辨误三则

陈植锷先生遗著《石介事迹著作编年》对石介一生求学、仕宦经历、学术交游活动以及诗词文章的写作时间做了详尽挖掘研究,对石介生活时代的政治背景、学术界人物活动皆有阐发。但书中对石介部分作品如《麦熟有感》诗、《代郓州通判李屯田荐士建中表》、《上范思远书》、《上徐州张刑部书》、《上徐州扈谏议书》的写作时间的判定不尽准确,需予以辨析。     

《少年Pi的奇幻漂流》中的死亡之思

加拿大作家扬·马特尔在《少年Pi的奇幻漂流》中频繁使用死亡元素进行文本架构,表达对于死亡议题的思考与探索。根据海德格尔的死亡哲学、弗洛伊德的生死本能假说及宗教伦理死亡观的理论,分析文本中的死亡主题,可以得出结论：死亡是建构自身存在价值、构建生命内在动力、追求生存本质意义的重要前提和深层动因。     

在城市与乡村之间:李大钊“物心两面冶的社会改造观

李大钊是中共第一个马克思主义者,他主张“灵肉一致冶和“物心两面冶的社会改造观。 早期他受托尔斯泰人道主义和泛劳动主义的影响,主张道德革命和精神改造,号召青年发扬劳动主义,到民间去与农民为伍。 在接受马克思主义之后,李大钊也主张物质改造运动,但他认为物质改造和阶级斗争仅是手段,最终还是要达到互助和人道主义的精神目标。 李大钊后来虽也提出“工人政治冶的表述,也领导了中共的工人运动,但随着都市工人运动的失败,他较早提出中国革命应依靠农民、应到农村开展农村革命。 深入研究李大钊的思想,对我们理解以无产阶级为基础的中共,从城市革命转向农村革命,具有重要的理论意义。     

Discrete adaptive design in attribute life testing

Properties of a discrete adaptive design in attribute life testing situation are studied. It is shown that the design is strongly consistent and asymptotically normal. Some examples are discussed to show that the design could be used in a wide range of ields, Finally, we give some simulation results to compare the discrete adaptive desigin with some continuous optimal designs.     

Setting the clock back to zero property of a class of bivariate life distributions

In a previous paper. B. R. Rao and Talwalker (1993) considered absolutely continuous life distributions and extended the Lack of Memory Property (L.M.P.) of the exponential distribution and showed that several classes of life distributions have this property, which was called the 'setting the clock back to zero' property. ¶Its analog is discussed in the present paper for hivariate and multivariate classes of life distributions. As a simple application of this analog, it is proved that the Life expectancy and the Percentile Residual Life vectors of a population of individuals under the influence of multiple competing risks have simple expressions if the class of their joint life distributions has the setting the clock back to zero property,     

Analysis of accelerated life tests with weibull failure distribution via generalized linear models

Efficient industrial experiments for reliability analysis of manufactured goods may consist in subjecting the units to higher stress levels than those of the usual working conditions. This results in the so called "accelerated life tests" where, for each pre-fixed stress level, the experiment ends after the failure of a certain pre-fixed proportion of units or a certain test time is reached. The aim of this paper is to determine estimates of the mean lifetime of the units under usual working conditions from censored failure data obtained under stress conditions. This problem is approached through generalized linear modelling and related inferential techniques, considering a Weibull failure distribution and a log-linear stress-response relationship. The general framework considered has as particular cases, the Inverse Power Law model, the Eyring model, the Arrhenius model and the generalized Eyring model. In order to illustrate the proposed methodology, a numerical example is provided.