Morality and politics: Comparing alternate theories

Debates about the American “culture wars” have led scholars to develop several theories relating morality to political attitudes and behaviors. However, researchers have not adequately compared these theories, nor have they examined the overall contribution of morality to explaining political variation. This study uses nationally representative data to compare the utility of 19 moral constructs from four research traditions – associated with the work of Hunter, Lakoff, Haidt, and Schwartz – for predicting political orientation (liberalism/conservatism). Results indicate that morality explains a third of the variation in political orientation – more than basic demographic and religious predictors – but that no one theory provides a fully adequate explanation of this phenomenon. Instead, political orientation is best predicted by selected moral constructs that are unique to each of the four traditions, and by two moral constructs that crosscut them. Future work should investigate how these moral constructs can be synthesized to create a more comprehensive theory of morality and politics.     

Morality rules: Understanding the role of prior reputation in consequences of scansis

A favorable reputation casts positive influences over organizations’ short- and long-term development, which can be especially important when organizations grapple with unpredictable challenges such as organizational crises. Yet, keeping a good track record might also backfire to cause more reputational damages, which is often observed when organizations deal with value-oriented moral crises. Against this backdrop, drawing from the literature on crisis communication and moral psychology, we situated our study in the scansis context, a particular type of morality-focused negative situation featuring characteristics of both crisis and scandal, and explored effects of prior reputation on people’s responses to an organizational scansis. Through an online experiment (N = 293), we found severe backlash towards the scansis-stricken organization in both the control condition (i.e., no indication of reputation) and the good reputation condition, whereas such prominent difference was not observed in the bad reputation condition. The findings thus implicated the need to take the unique role of morality in scansis into account in both pertinent research and practice.     

中国电影趋向“现代”、内涵“文学”的初始探索--论中国早期言情片与好莱坞之影响及其电影史价值和意义

中国早期电影因为长时期游离于“五四”新文学和新文化运动而被严厉批评,所以,追求现代意识和文学深度,也就成为中国早期电影努力探索的方向。受好莱坞影响而兴起的早期言情片,正是中国电影在这一方面最初开始的艺术探索,具有重要的电影史价值和意义。在此借鉴和探索过程中,早期言情片透过哀情、爱情、艳情描写社会人生,注重人物的性格描写和情感表现,促使中国电影趋向“现代”、内涵“文学”,逐渐与“五四”新文学和新文化运动发生关联;而言情片强调“影戏之要素为美也”,使导演、表演和摄影注重影像画面的审美创造,又加强了早期电影趋向“现代”、内涵“文学”的艺术表现力。     

英美侵权法神经损害之诉及其合理借鉴

神经损害之诉是英美侵权法中的一项颇具特色的制度,其对严格保护自然人生命健康权有着积极意义,但客观上该制度也蕴含着难以合理控制责任范围的问题.故此我国立法合理借鉴该制度的正确做法应该是:在我国既有的生命健康权保护的框架内,对后果严重的神经损害受害人予以救济,从而既能对确需救济的神经损害受害人予以合理保护,同时也能防止诉讼泛滥所带来的种种弊端.     

张载与王夫之的道德心理哲学

就当代学者来说,如何从经验考察来验证人是否有先天或普遍的道德情感会是很有启发的道德心理学议题。从道德心理哲学的角度重新解析张载以及王夫之的道德理论。探讨他们对道德的可能性,善的根源的解释,以及他们对恶如何产生,如何对付的主张,我们会发现,张载比较强调理性的重要性,而王夫之则从道德情感出发。两种理论的比较可以作为我们进一步思考的出发点。     

沪上外来流动穆斯林群体的精神生活——关于上海周边区县伊斯兰教临时礼拜点的考察与反思

目前沪上临时礼拜点所具有的共同特征,表明了流动穆斯林群体构成的民族性和职业的相对单一性;而相关设施的简陋和局促,暴露出相应的弊端和隐患。至于缺乏政府认可的特点,又随时令这些临时礼拜点面临遭到取缔的可能性。近年来上海市伊斯兰教发展的轨迹和变化主要有重心转移、反客为主、外宾渐增、社群之别、遍地开花等情况。而由西北各省来沪的流动穆斯林融入都市主流社会后,在文化适应、城市管理、子女教育、宗教信仰、社会维稳等层面上的隐患有待消弭。了解都市伊斯兰教文化在嬗变过程中衍生的社会现象,以及探索在管理实践中妥善地处理好问题,能更好地促进当前经济社会的发展及维护社会的稳定。     

基于道德法则的善——康德在道德哲学中的革命

大多数哲学家认为,道德探讨必须首先从善的定义出发。而康德却另辟蹊径地指出,善作为意志与行为的关联,如果它的确立是先于道德法则的,并且它决定我们的欲求能力,那么它只能是一个经验的、偶然的概念,根本无法承担起道德评价所需要的确定性,也不可能支撑起需要确定规范性的道德哲学体系。相反,道德法则因为具有先天确定形式而成为普遍的评价标准,因而能够支撑起有规范意义的道德理论。所以,道德探讨的起点首先是寻求普遍的道德法则并进而通过道德法则确定作为意志对象的善。然而,对于道德生活而言,基于确定性的道德原则和基于欲求能力的幸福同是我们生活意义之所在,只考虑其中之一是有失偏颇的。     

论救助义务

救助处于危难中的人是一种道德义务,并且是一种不完全的义务。之所以不履行这一道德义务,主要是因为旁观者的恶一冷漠。为了避免冷漠的蔓延,督促人们履行救助义务,我们一方面要发挥传统的道德舆论与自我反省的作用,另一方面要注重制度设计和法律强制的作用。     

南宋诗人巩丰考论

巩丰一生坎坷,然工于诗,多至三千余首,颇受时论好评。只因《宋史》无传,其诗又大多流失不传,后人对其人其诗知之甚少。就现存巩丰诗而言,多抒写眼前景身边事,清真自然,平淡悠远,亦足可自立于南宋中后期之诗林。