Who is holding the baby? Women's experiences of contact with their baby immediately after birth: An Australian population-based survey

BackgroundSeeing and holding their baby immediately after the birth is the pinnacle of the childbearing process for parents. Few studies have examined women's experiences of seeing and holding their baby immediately after birth. We investigated women's experiences of initial contact with their newborns using data from an Australian population-based survey.MethodsAll women who gave birth in September/October in 2007 in two Australian states were mailed questionnaires six months following the birth. Women were asked three questions about early newborn contact including where their baby was held in the first hour after birth and whether they were able to hold their baby as soon and for as long as they liked. We examined the association between model of maternity care and early newborn contact stratified by admission to SCN/NICU.ResultsThe majority (92%) of women whose babies remained with them reported holding their babies as soon and for as long as they liked in the first hour after birth. However, for women whose babies were admitted to SCN/NICU only a minority (47%) reported this. Women in public models of care (with the exception of primary midwifery care) whose babies remained with them were less likely to report holding their babies as soon and for as long as they liked compared to women in private care.ConclusionOur findings suggest that there is potential to increase the proportion of mothers and fathers who get to hold their baby immediately after the birth by modifying birth suite and operating room practices.     

近百年龙母传说研究综述

20世纪以来,学术界关于龙母文化的研究成果颇为丰厚。站在新世纪的起跑线上,回顾梳理这些成果,作者认为对龙母文化的研究经历了一个由冷到热、由文本研究到田野调查的发展历程。通过对既成的研究成果质和量的分析,考虑到研究内容、研究方法等因素,特将龙母文化研究划分为探索期、发展期和争鸣期等三个时间段,并分析了研究中存在的问题,希望有助于龙母文化研究的进一步开拓与深化。     

浅析英语习得过程中的错误

外语习得的过程是学生从母语向目的语过渡的过程 ,本文从心理语言学角度分析了英语学习过程中出现的错误 ,并阐述其形成原因     

Evaluation of a pilot programme and a follow-up study of infant feeding practices during the scaled-up programme in Botswana

This paper describes the results of two studies concerning a programme to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Botswana. The programme included VCT, provision of oral AZT to the HIV infected mothers and to the infant, infant feeding counselling and support, and free provision of formula for infants of HIV infected mothers who opted not to breastfeed. The study evaluating the pilot phase of the programme concluded that the programme should be scaled up. After the programme expanded, a follow-up evaluation of infant feeding practices was conducted. Infant feeding practices differed significantly between intervention and non-intervention sites and between mothers of unknown HIV status, non-infected mothers and HIV-infected mothers. Among the infected mothers who chose exclusive formula feeding, 96% maintained this up to the time of interview. Health workers' knowledge about HIV transmission was weak. Counselling on feeding needs to be improved in many areas.     

如何避免汉译英中的“母语负迁移”

＂母语负迁移＂不仅影响着英语学习者的听、说、读、写能力,还影响着英语学习者的翻译能力。在汉译英的翻译实践中,＂母语负迁移＂的影响主要体现在词汇层面、句子层面和思维层面上,本文从以上三个方面来探讨如何避免汉译英中的＂母语负迁移＂。     

明周太后与文华门哭谏事件

明代历史上,大臣为捍卫祖制伏阙争礼三次,最早始于成化年间的文华门哭谏。这次争礼因宪宗生母周太后在祔葬问题上与大臣的分歧引起,周太后的跋扈独断激起文武百官大规模请愿。文华门哭谏不仅引起皇室祔葬制度的重大变革,也是谏诤皇权不当行为而抗争请愿之开端。     

自性化理论在文本分析中的运用——以劳伦斯《菊花的清香》、《母女二人》为例

本文选取劳伦斯的《菊花的清香》和《母女二人》两篇小说作为研究对象。在原型分析的基础上运用"自性化"理论对这两篇小说进行了分析,解释了劳伦斯文学创造力形成过程中的心理因素。     

从《大地》、《母亲》看赛珍珠中国题材小说中的“现实感”

赛珍珠＂中国叙述＂的真实性和文学性与她敏锐而深切的＂现实感＂密不可分。这种＂现实感＂与赛珍珠早期在中国比较独特的生活经历有着内在的情感和精神联系,同时亦与她破除一切自我禁忌的以＂生存—生活＂为中心的现实哲学浑然一体。而她强烈的问题意识以及发自生命本体的超越种族、国家与文化的悲悯意识,为她突入到现实生活的广度与深度提供了超越时代主流意识和思想的个人精神信念。而在理性与抒情之间的适当平衡,不仅成为她的中国叙述的方法支点,亦成为她的中国题材小说在叙述方式上的一种鲜明的个人风格。     

岭南女性生命活动的一个象征文本-广东悦城龙母传说的性别文化内涵解读

运用性别视角重读悦城龙母传说的基本母题,如“无父”“漂来的女婴”“拾卵豢龙”“误断龙尾”“济物放生”“侣白鹿友黄猿”“至圣显灵”等,阐释其所蕴藏的远古时期岭南女性的生命观、母教观、自然观与主体精神.指出被岭南百姓世代奉为神祗的龙母,不仅是一个尊贵的地方神祗,同时也是一个有性别标识的尊贵的地方女神,她不但开启了岭南女性文明之源,也是岭南文明的重要源头之一;她以她阴柔的精神气质与凡俗的品格,极大地丰富了中华龙文化的内涵.     

西王母及其神话流变的深刻内涵

西王母及其神话在悠久的历史岁月中发生了巨变,其流变过程呈现出独具特色的表征,这种鲜明的个性与中国特有的阴阳哲学、道教具有内在联系,信仰西王母对妇女的教化功能也是密切相关的.