现代学科分类中的“文学人类学”

从现代学科分类情况来看,"文学人类学"主要被放置在人类学、比较文学、文艺学三个学科里,成为三个学科的亚分支,这反映了"文学人类学"目前的现实状况及地位。本文无意争辩学科从属的问题,而是从知识话语学角度探讨现代学科分类体系对"文学人类学"可能造成的遮蔽性。     

Anthropological Theories of Low-Wage Work

This review assesses the use of anthropological theories in the examination of low-wage work. Due to the vast differences existing between different cultures in low-wage work, this review focuses on theories that have been applied in Western, and mainly American, contexts. There are primarily three fields from which this literature is drawn: economic anthropology, gender and race anthropology, and theories of power—the last integrates all these theories. Differences and controversies over the applicability of these theories are also highlighted. The review concludes with a conceptual map describing the interrelatedness of these theories and how they explain the realities of low-wage workers.     

What do we call post-apartheid?

In this paper, the author examines the different uses and meanings of the usual expression “post-apartheid.” It has been used extensively in the social sciences, political discourse and the media since the mid-1980s. But what does it refer to, and has it always meant the same thing over the last 20 years? To answer that question, the author reviews the different ways she has used the notion in her research into workers’ forms of thinking and political subjectivities in South Africa since 1996. She distinguishes between its use as a chronological marker, an academic concept open to various problematics and epistemological decisions and a notion used by interviewees under various acceptations. She concentrates more specifically on the sequential implications of the adverb “post” in her work and argues that there have been political sequences in what she (with others) has named “post-apartheid.” She concludes that she intends to stop using this term in order to concentrate on identifying the current political sequence in South Africa.     

英语电影对白的语调功能初探——以“The Sound of Music”（《音乐之声》）为例

本文以电影＂The Sound of Music＂（《音乐之声》）对白为例,从语义和语用角度对英语语调所蕴含的各种意义加以探讨。     

A Comparison of Ambient Casino Sound and Music: Effects on Dissociation and on Perceptions of Elapsed Time While Playing Slot Machines

This research examined the effects of a casino’s auditory character on estimates of elapsed time while gambling. More specifically, this study varied whether the sound heard while gambling was ambient casino sound alone or ambient casino sound accompanied by music. The tempo and volume of both the music and ambient sound were varied to manipulate temporal engagement and introspection. One hundred and sixty (males = 91) individuals played slot machines in groups of 5–8, after which they provided estimates of elapsed time. The findings showed that the typical ambient casino auditive environment, which characterizes the majority of gaming venues, promotes understated estimates of elapsed duration of play. In contrast, when music is introduced into the ambient casino environment, it appears to provide a cue of interval from which players can more accurately reconstruct elapsed duration of play. This is particularly the case when the tempo of the music is slow and the volume is high. Moreover, the confidence with which time estimates are held (as reflected by latency of response) is higher in an auditive environment with music than in an environment that is comprised of ambient casino sounds alone. Implications for casino management are discussed.     

对汉乐府"感于哀乐,缘事而发"的新阐释

根据《乐府诗集》的统计数据 ,汉乐府诗歌中本事和作品共同流传下来的占其总数的 44 %以上 ,班固“感于哀乐 ,缘事而发”的评价确是至评。汉乐府作者的创作动机以自我抒情为主 ,少数为了满足社会需要 ,其传播方式呈现出文事结合的特点 ,有的甚至“文依事存” ,诗文不具备独立传播的资格。分别从创作和传播的角度来看 ,对“感于哀乐 ,缘事而发”的古评可以赋予新的含义。     

吉林林区劳动号子音乐的整理与研究

劳动号子在整个传统民歌中占有十分重要的地位.吉林林区劳动号子也是我国诸多劳动号子中最有代表性的一部分.本文通过对吉林林区劳动号子的形成和发展的分析与研究,为人们进一步认识吉林地区独特的音乐形态提供有关参照.     

结构主义文学批评与二项对立

二项对立是结构主义分析中最重要的关系和最基本的方法 ,它在结构主义文学理论中是个重要概念 ,它被广泛应用于结构主义人类学、结构主义诗学和结构主义叙事学。     

清商乐流变探析

清商乐是魏晋南北朝时期最有影响的俗乐,是相和歌在新的历史条件下的发展。东晋政权南迁以后,南方的音乐随之有了更显著的地位。地处长江下游的"吴声"、长江中游的"西曲"和南迁的相和歌合流,形成了一个新的乐种叫"清商乐"。文章对清商乐的名称以及演变中的文化融合、音乐风格、结构形式、伴奏乐器等方面作了简要论述。     

试论民族学的知识结构和应用领域

2008年的民族学人类学世界大会将在中国昆明举行。中国学界应该从现在开始启动强化训练程序。本文论述民族学的学科对象、学科方法论、学科地位及其在当前中国的应用领域,供有志于此的学界同行参考。本文指出,民族学作为改革者的科学,具有参与社会转型期文化重建的使命。在多民族统一的中国迈向全球化、实施西部开发和全面建设小康社会的背景下,民族学能从保护文化遗产、保护生态环境和维护弱势群体和少数民族权益等方面促进中国的长治久安和可持续发展,因而具有广阔的发展空间和重要的应用价值。政府应注重民族学的学科建设和应用,学界应注意民族学的人才培养和知识更新。