来华犹太人的国籍和法律问题(1840-1945)

1840年后,来华的犹太人主要有三大群体:第一是从中东、南亚和东南亚来华经商办实业的塞法迪犹太人;第二是为逃避反犹恶浪、革命和内战来华谋生的俄国犹太人;第三是从纳粹统治下的欧洲亡命来华的犹太难民。对这三大犹太移民群体来华概况及其法律地位,特别是国籍问题进行比较研究,是在来华犹太人研究方面的深化和新领域。     

语用学维度:人工智能框架问题与自然语言理解

语用学的基本理论有助于从语言的本质在于使用的角度来理解智能,为人工智能的框架问题提供哲学的视域和分析方法。现代人工智能的符号逻辑研究框架在哲学意义上具有脱离经验的根本局限性,联结论研究框架实质上与此相同。人工智能的框架问题研究需要奠基于"自然机制"为内核、"算法机制"为辅的哲学纲领。现代自然语言理解的句法和语义研究是脱离使用者与语境知识而处于指称层次的片面理解,而只有基于语用学层次的理解才是完整的。     

李约瑟与竺可桢的中国科学史研究

针对＂中国自来无科学＂的论断,以竺可桢为代表的中国学者致力于中国科学史研究,发表大量学术论著,为中国辉煌而久远的科技发展史正名;李约瑟亦不约而同地加入了大讨论,并以大量无可争辩的事实有力地批判了＂西方中心论＂。作为李约瑟《中国科学技术史》编纂强有力的支持者,竺可桢有目的地为李约瑟搜集中国科学技术史的书籍资料,并通过中国科学院给予其人力、财力资助。而李约瑟的《中国科学技术史》编撰计划实际上也诱发了竺可桢着手建立中国科学史研究专门机构的构想。就二十八宿起源地点与创立时期的学术争论,竺可桢坚持中国起源说,李约瑟则依违于巴比伦起源说与双方独立起源说之间。     

Reflections on the Voluntary Self-Exclusion of Gamblers and the Law-Suits against Ontario Lottery and Gaming Corporation

Legalized gambling in Canada is governed by Provincial legislation. In Ontario, the Ontario Lottery and Gaming Corporation is responsible for all aspects of gambling in the Province. There have been a number of recent lawsuits against this Crown agency of the Government of Ontario by gamblers, most of which have been settled or otherwise resolved. A recent class-action lawsuit on behalf of thousands of Ontario gamblers against this agency raises a number of interesting questions regarding the issue of responsibility and liability. The questions surround the issue of self-exclusionary practices of gamblers who deem themselves in need of external intervention in order interesting questions regarding the issue of responsibility and liability. The questions surround the issue to abstain from further gambling. A contract is voluntarily signed by the self-excluding gamblers whereby their further attendance at gaming venues is prevented and could be punishable by law. Where the gaming venues have failed to enforce the terms of this contract, gamblers have continued to gamble at these establishments. The class-action lawsuit stems from the grievances of these self-excluded gamblers who were not turned away. Relevant psychological theories and recent findings pertaining to gambling are reviewed and questions relevant to these grievances are discussed in favor of government responsibility and liability toward gamblers.     

新时期的创业教育:起点、问题及图景初探

新的历史背景为创业教育提出了新的要求,严竣的就业形势、创新型国家战略、当前的教育发展以及人的全面发展都需要切实开展创业教育。然而,在主体性、整体性、民族性与时代性、学段性以及问题的生成性等方面创业教育存在着发展之困。为此,我们应通过绘制动力机制、设计机制、反馈机制以及体系化建构机制破解创业教育发展难题,进而形成创业教育发展的理论图景。     

文学生态学批评之“问题意识”刍议——从鲁枢元教授生态学批评观谈起

文学生态学批评的发生有着深刻的“问题意识”背景，而该批评中“问题意识”的凸现又要求着“主题意识”方面的建构与“命题意识”方面的探究，总起来看，该批评意味着一种关于人的认识新范型——“生态人”的出现与一种文学观方面的新理解。     

分支蚁群动态扰动算法求解TSP问题

蚁群优化算法是一种求解组合优化难题的强启发式算法,它利用正反馈和并行计算原理,具备很强的搜索能力。近年来,蚁群优化算法广泛应用于TSP问题的研究。本文提出分支蚁群动态扰动(DPBAC)算法,该算法主要从5个方面对基本蚁群算法做出改进:引入分支策略选取出发城市;改进状态转移规则;引入变异策略改进蚂蚁路径;改进信息素更新规则;引入条件动态扰动策略。实验表明,该算法可以有效改善基本蚁群算法搜索时间较长、容易陷入局部极小等缺点。     

Measuring the Prevalence of Sector-Specific Problem Gambling: A Study of Casino Patrons

This study is the first attempt to measure the prevalence of problem gambling attributable to a specific sector of the gambling industry. One thousand, one hundred and five casino patrons in 40 casinos in the UK were interviewed, face-to-face. Respondents were screened for problem gambling using a multiple response version of DSM-IV (DSM-IV-MR). The study found support for Eadington's (1988) hypothesis, that UK casinos could be largely sustained by regular players, among whom the prevalence of problem gambling is high. The study also found support for the hypothesis that, to the extent different gambling sectors are patronised by demographically different client groups, so the problem gamblers associated with them will reflect these client groups. The problem gamblers among the regular casino patrons were demographically distinct from the problem gamblers in the sample who showed a preference for other gambling forms. Other key findings support those found in other jurisdictions. Sector-specific prevalence studies may be the next step forward in epidemiological research on problem gambling. They have the major advantage of netting significantly more problem gamblers from much smaller samples than similar studies in the general population. They also have the potential to reveal the proportion of problem gamblers attributable to each sector, along with their demographic characteristics. Such information would result in more specific information being available for regulators seeking to minimise the social impact of problem gambling and those involved in the development of prevention and treatment strategies.     

Time-based goal chasing method for mixed-model assembly line problem with multiple work stations

In sequencing problems for mixed-model assembly line in JIT production system, the Goal Chasing method (GC) is widely used for parts used leveling goal. The difference in assembly time of each product is not taken into consideration in the Goal Chasing method. Assembly time usually varies with product types. In recent years, the Time-Based Goal Chasing method (TBGC) has been proposed. The advantage of TBGC is to consider the influence of different assembly time of each product and idle time in production period. TBGC, however, has been only applied to single work station problems. In this paper, TBGC is applied to an assembly line problem with multiple work stations. Furthermore, the sequencing method and use of Simulated Annealing (SA) or Local Search (LS) for this problem are proposed.     

西方传媒语境中伊斯兰妇女问题文化辨析

西方传媒不但对《古兰经》所渗透着的女性关怀精神的本源性思想进行了“恶毒中伤”,还传布伊斯兰教反妇女论来“蓄意丑化”其自成体系的妇女观。本文力求全面梳理伊斯兰文化妇女观的主导精神与西方传媒所给定的“反妇女论”间互错的原因、表现、实质等一系列的问题,从“本源与变异”的全新视角来重新审视伊斯兰妇女问题,力求达到正本清源的学术目的。