Globalization, the structure of the world economy and economic development

How does the structure of the world economy determine the gains from participation therein? In order to answer this question, we conduct a state of the art network analysis of international trade to map the structure of the international division of labor (IDL). We regress cross-national variation in economic growth on positional variation and mobility of countries within the IDL from 1965 to 2000. We find that the highest rates of economic growth occurred to countries in the middle of the IDL over the course of globalization. Second, we find that upper tier positions in the IDL are converging with each other, but diverging from the lower tier. This suggests that the mechanism underlying the rapid economic growth in intermediate positions was their uniquely high rates of upward mobility, in turn a function of their middling position. Taken together, these findings suggest that a country’s long-term economic development is conditioned by its position in the IDL.     

大学英语四、六级网络考试考场建设研究

大学英语四、六级网考项目开始于2007年,第一次四级网考试点工作实施于2008年12月。大学英语四、六级网考项目的建设目标,是提高大学英语四、六级考试的效度和考务管理效率。以2009年10月份的一次考试为例,描述CET-4大学英语网考考场内的硬件设置、环境设置、网考所需的软件、硬件配置和考试系统的操作流程,并且对网考中出现的问题进行剖析,有助于提出行之有效的改进方案。     

Neighborhood conditions and social network turnover among older adults

Increasing research highlights heterogeneity in patterns of social network change, with growing evidence that these patterns are shaped in part by social structure. The role of social and structural neighborhood conditions in the addition and loss of kin and non-kin network members, however, has not been fully considered. In this paper, we argue that the residential neighborhood context can either facilitate or prevent the turnover of core network relationships in later life – a period of the life course characterized by heightened reliance on network ties and vulnerability to neighborhood conditions. Using longitudinal data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project linked with data from the American Community Survey, we find that higher levels of neighborhood concentrated disadvantage are associated with the loss of older adults’ kin and non-kin network members over time. Higher levels of perceived neighborhood social interaction, however, are associated with higher rates of adding non-kin network members and lower rates of adding kin network members over time. We suggest that neighborhood conditions, including older adults’ perceptions of neighborhood social life, represent an underexplored influence on kin and non-kin social network dynamics, which could have implications for access to social resources later in the life course.     

Measuring social dynamics in a massive multiplayer online game

Quantification of human group-behavior has so far defied an empirical, falsifiable approach. This is due to tremendous difficulties in data acquisition of social systems. Massive multiplayer online games (MMOG) provide a fascinating new way of observing hundreds of thousands of simultaneously socially interacting individuals engaged in virtual economic activities. We have compiled a data set consisting of practically all actions of all players over a period of 3 years from a MMOG played by 300,000 people. This large-scale data set of a socio-economic unit contains all social and economic data from a single and coherent source. Players have to generate a virtual income through economic activities to ‘survive’ and are typically engaged in a multitude of social activities offered within the game. Our analysis of high-frequency log files focuses on three types of social networks, and tests a series of social-dynamics hypotheses. In particular we study the structure and dynamics of friend-, enemy- and communication networks. We find striking differences in topological structure between positive (friend) and negative (enemy) tie networks. All networks confirm the recently observed phenomenon of network densification. We propose two approximate social laws in communication networks, the first expressing betweenness centrality as the inverse square of the overlap, the second relating communication strength to the cube of the overlap. These empirical laws provide strong quantitative evidence for the Weak ties hypothesis of Granovetter. Further, the analysis of triad significance profiles validates well-established assertions from social balance theory. We find overrepresentation (underrepresentation) of complete (incomplete) triads in networks of positive ties, and vice versa for networks of negative ties. Empirical transition probabilities between triad classes provide evidence for triadic closure with extraordinarily high precision. For the first time we provide empirical results for large-scale networks of negative social ties. Whenever possible we compare our findings with data from non-virtual human groups and provide further evidence that online game communities serve as a valid model for a wide class of human societies. With this setup we demonstrate the feasibility for establishing a ‘socio-economic laboratory’ which allows to operate at levels of precision approaching those of the natural sciences.All data used in this study is fully anonymized; the authors have the written consent to publish from the legal department of the Medical University of Vienna.     

英语教学中网络技术应用的研究

信息技术飞速发展向教育提出了挑战,教育要跟上科学和社会现代化发展的步伐,就必须加快教育的信息化。英语课堂教学中适时、适量地使用网络技术并以和谐的理念来辅助英语教学,将给我们的英语教学带来鲜活的力量。本文探讨了如何在信息时代,运用网络技术进行英语教学。     

性产业中老年客人群体艾滋病风险及性网络状况——基于广西某边境县的实证分析

近年来,我国艾滋病疫情发展显示,50岁以上年龄男性报告病例数增加明显,且以性途径传播为主。研究采取定性和定量结合方法,深入广西某边境县当地低交易价格性服务场所进行观察和访谈,并针对40名小姐,108名客人发放问卷、进行梅毒、艾滋病病毒抗体检测。对当地性网络的研究发现,当地低交易价格性产业已经形成较为稳定的性网络。小姐在其间有着较高的邻连度,而部分活跃的客人表现出更大的桥梁作用。同时,网络成员之间保持了相当长期的交往,网络成员之间的"熟悉"成为采取安全性行为的消解因素。诸多因素构成了通过该网络将老年人群暴露于艾滋病风险的可能性。     

“网络设备安装与管理”课程实验教学探讨

高职院校计算机网络技术专业承担着为社会培养“精专业”、“高技能”的网络技术应用型人才的重任.为了达到培养目标,各高职院校非常重视实验课程的教学.本文综合鸡西大学实际情况,重点从“网络设备安装与管理”课程的计划和提纲、课前准备、实施和总结等方面,分析并阐述了如何上好该课程的实验,以便提高教学质量.     

基于多媒体网络的大学英语听力元认知策略培训研究——以湖南工程学院为例

以第二语言习得中的元认知策略理论为指导,将现代多媒体网络技术应用于大学英语听力教学实践,并以湖南工程学院两个平行班级为实验对象,对其进行听力策略培训,结果证明它不但能提高他们的英语听力成绩,还能培养策略意识,而这对英语学习至关重要。     

网络时代期刊的品牌打造

网络时代,期刊业竞争日趋激烈,打造优质期刊品牌成为期刊生存、发展和胜出的关键。办刊人应改变过去期刊一元主体模式,建立多元主体模式,通过编者、作者、读者各主体间的交流、碰撞、互动,产生思想火花,产生合力。同时,还要打通并利用各种有效途径,开拓创新,前瞻运作,不断提升期刊的内涵和品位,优化期刊的整体质量,塑造出优质期刊品牌,以确立期刊在业界的地位,在竞争中发展壮大。     

网络化对高校思想政治教育工作的影响与思考

分析网络化对高校思想政治教育工作的影响,既要充分利用网络化给高校思想政治教育工作带来的机遇,也要以积极良好的心态应对网络化给高校思想政治教育工作带来的负面影响。克服网络化给高校思想政治教育工作带来的危害,积极发挥网络化的优势作用,是促进高校思想政治教育工作,培育“四有”新人,不断开创高校思想政治教育工作新局面,是为加强社会主义精神文明建设、社会主义现代化建设、构建社会主义和谐社会的迫切需要。