Decision Support System of Truck Routing and Refueling: A Dual‐Objective Approach

The variable‐route vehicle‐refueling problem (VRVRP) is a variant of the network‐flow problem which seeks, for a vehicle traveling from origin s to destination d, both the route and the refueling policy (sequence of fuel stations to use between s and d) that jointly minimize the fuel cost of operating the vehicle. Commercial‐grade decision support systems that solve the VRVRP are widely used by motor carriers, but they provide heuristic solutions only. Exact methods are available from the academic side, but because they focus on minimizing costs, they tend to cut fuel costs in exchange for increased vehicle miles (which can increase fuel consumptions and pollutants emission). We propose a new approach to the VRVRP that allows carriers to jointly seek the two possibly conflicting goals; minimizing fuel cost and vehicle miles. Computational testing shows that our approach (i) outperforms the commercial software products in both goals, and (ii) finds solutions that require significantly less vehicle miles than those given by the exact method proposed in the academic literature, without incurring unacceptable increases in fuel cost.     

多维特征视角下基于图卷积网络的专利技术领域自动识别研究

专利审查周期缩短政策的提出与专利申请数量急剧增加的现状给实现专利技术领域识别的专利分类工作带来巨大挑战,如何引入专利自动分类技术提高专利分类工作效率、缩短专利审查周期成为重要研究主题。本文提出基于多维特征和图卷积网络的专利技术领域自动识别方法。该方法根据文献计量学与图表示学习理论从专利摘要、引证专利、专利发明人维度提取专利特征;其次利用专利摘要维度特征生成表征专利文本特征的专利-核心词汇异构网络,并将引证专利、专利发明人维度特征作为专利数字特征嵌入专利-核心词汇异构网络;通过图卷积网络进行半监督学习,确定专利-核心词汇异构网络中专利节点的类别标签,完成专利自动分类任务。为验证本文所提方法的识别效果,采用Incopat全球专利数据库中专利数据进行实验;实验结果表明专利文本特征与专利数字特征共同作为专利特征可以提高专利分类准确率,引证专利信息的引入可以提高专利分类准确率。同时,本文所提方法也给专利技术领域自动识别问题提供新解答思路,为缩短专利审查周期政策的实施提供支撑。     

基金业绩分析——基于有向学习网络的研究

本文使用LASSO算法构建了基于基金持股数据的基金间动态学习网络,将基金研究中传统的无向网络扩展为有向网络,并检验了正向学习与反向学习两种不同的学习模式(信息利用方式) 对基金业绩的影响,进而探讨了其背后的经济含义。实证结果表明:当基金作为被学习者(信息被观测方)时,被正向学习会显著提高其业绩,被反向学习会显著降低其业绩;当基金作为主动学习者(信息观测方)时,无论是正向学习还是反向学习均不会对其业绩造成显著影响;对基金学习动机的分析表明,基金参与学习是为了提升相对自己上期的业绩、防止业绩倒退,且反向学习相对更加有效。本文分析了信 息传递方向、信息利用方式对基金业绩的影响,为如何将统计学习方法应用于金融问题的分析提供了一个新的视角。     

新战略背景下城市经济发展状况测度研究——基于融合社会网络的实证分析

当前,我国经济已转向高质量发展新阶段,国家对此出台了包括高质量发展、城市群协同发展及健康中国等多项战略规划,为未来城市经济发展指明了新的发展方向。本文在分析这些战略对城市经济发展要求的基础上解读了城市经济发展新内涵,构建了涉及数量、质量和效率三个方面,包含创新发展、协调发展、绿色发展、开放发展、共享发展和城市群支撑作用等10个维度,共44个三级指标的城市经济发展状况测度指标体系,同时就城市群支撑作用方面指标给出了融合社会网络分析的指标定量测度方法。本文构建的指标体系可全面监测我国城市在经济新战略背景下的经济发展状况,所提出的指标测度方法可定量测度城市所属城市群对城市经济发展的贡献,为相关战略下城市测度体系的建设与完善提供一定参考。     

外出创业经历能提升返乡创业企业的经营绩效吗?———基于2139家返乡创业企业的调查数据

本文基于2019年北京师范大学劳动力市场研究中心开展的2139家返乡创业企业的调查数据,采用多重中介效应模型,研究创业者外出创业经历对其返乡创业企业经营绩效的影响及其微观作用机制。研究发现,创业者外出创业经历能够显著提升返乡创业企业的经营绩效;外出创业经历能够提升创业者的管理经验,扩大创业者的社会关系网络,有利于创业者获得更多的政策扶持,间接提升返乡创业企业的经营绩效。基于上述结论,建议地方政府积极吸引具有外地创业经历的企业家返乡创业,加大对返乡创业者的创业培训,提高返乡创业者的管理能力,支持创业者培育社会关系网络,加大返乡创业扶持政策的宣传,提升小微企业的经营绩效,助力乡村振兴。     

Staying connected under fire: Effects of individual roles and organizational specialization on the robustness of emergency-phase communication networks

Communication network connectivity is central to organizational performance, but maintaining connectivity can be difficult during periods of disruption. During the World Trade Center (WTC) disaster of September 11th, 2001, both emergency response-specialized organizations and organizations without such specialization forcibly adapted to a radically altered environment. Their dynamic communication networks necessarily entailed trade-offs between competing demands for efficiency and robustness to disruption. Of particular importance is whether organizations concentrated activity within a small number of “hub” nodes, and whether those with existing coordinative roles were critical to maintaining connectivity. We examine these questions by analyzing seventeen organizational communication networks in the WTC disaster. We find that organizations maintain connectivity through relatively small numbers of coordinators, but the realization of institutionalized coordinative roles depends upon organizational context. Further, we find distinct patterns of robustness, with the removal of key players leading to mass isolation in specialist networks versus a gradual pattern of failure in non-specialist networks. These results suggest that organizations responding to disruptions within their usual domain of operations will be more likely to retain institutionalized roles when building emergent networks, although this increases the network's fragility in the event of the loss of one of those coordinators. Organizations responding to novel threats may reconfigure more radically, limiting vulnerability to the loss of institutionalized—but not emergent—coordinators.     

城市弱势群体的社会支持网络——基于河北省保定市北市区的抽样调查研究

在保定市北市区弱势群体的抽样调查基础上,本文通过引入社会网络理论范式,对弱势群体的基本状况进行了具体的描述和深入分析,认为城市弱势群体社会支持网络存在着规模小、构成简单、同质性强、缺乏阶层内部整合等特征和问题,而引入社会工作专业支持,对培育和强化弱势群体社会支持网络至关重要。     

试论发挥报网融合优势推进和谐校园建设

本文通过分析高校报网的特点及融合的优势,结合广外的实践经验,揭示出报网融合对和谐校园建设的推动作用：一有助于营造良好的舆论环境;二有助于营造富有特色的校园文化氛围;三有助于协调各部门间以及入与人之间的关系,以此推进和谐校园建设。     

企业网络中知识转移的影响因素与案例研究

组织间知识转移是知识由知识发送方向知识接受方转移的过程,是企业获得持续竞争优势的基础。本文对企业网络中组织间知识转移的影响因素进行了梳理,从知识转移双方的属性、知识属性、关联属性以及企业网络属性几方面分别进行阐述。通过案例分析,进一步说明企业可以主动通过企业网络有效获得外部知识,提高企业绩效,并促进企业网络成员间的知识转移。     

自然人群的规模及其形成的一些属性 ———来自皖南山区村落人际关系的社会网络分析

人群的"量化"的元素和形式化的特征是社会研究的重点,这些问题在中国农村发展的实践领域如农民组织建设过程中却常被忽略了.文章以社会网络分析方法对自然村落中自然人群的规模和其一些基本构成属性进行研究,发现地缘、情趣、性别和年龄等基本属性在很大程度上影响个体交往的对象和规模,这些特征也是农村发展的干预过程中应该注意到的重要社会特征.