试论东北亚儒家文化圈中企业伦理的特点

儒家文化以其特有的整体主义、温情主义、权威主义影响甚至决定了东北亚企业伦理文化的发展及其特点,形成了东北亚企业独特的价值理念和伦理内涵,并创造了东北亚地区的经济奇迹,展现了其与现代经济发展相适应的一面。然而,任何一个历史悠久的文化随着时代的发展都不可避免地会具有某些局限性,儒家文化也不例外,其局限性正在成为东北亚地区经济进一步发展的阻碍因素。因此,它也有融入世界文化并与时俱进的必要性、必然性和可能性。只有这样,它才有可能成为东北亚地区走向现代化的意识形态再生资源与精神方向。     

Codes of conduct in Hong Kong organisations

This paper first reviews the literature on the role of codes of conduct for organisations in Hong Kong in their attempts to manage increasingly complex ethical problems and issues. It shows that, although valuable foundations exist upon which to build, research and understanding of the subject is at it's embryonic stage. Social Psychology literature is examined to investigate what lessons those concerned with the study of ethics may learn and the work of Hofstede, as seminal in the area of work-related values, is emphasised in this context.Following Hofstede's proposals for strategies for operationalizing¹ constructs about human values, a content analysis² was conducted on a pilot sample of codes provided by Hong Kong organisations. The results show three clearly identified clusters of organisations with common formats. The first group, described as Foreign Legal, emphasises legal compliance, has criteria for invoking penalties and consists of foreign-owned, large multinational organisations. Companies in the second cluster have codes which, except in the case of a couple of larger organisations, mainly follow the Independent Commission Against Corruption's (ICAC) standard format. The third cluster, described as the Bank Network, also appear to largely conform to a format: the Hong Kong Banking Association's guidelines.Further analysis conducted here of the Hong Kong codes indicates the important role of emic teleological values³, such as trust and reputation, amongst indigenous organisations, rather than the amorality suggested by an earlier study (Dolecheck and Bethke, 1990). These results support the proposition that Hong Kong ethical perspectives are culture bound⁴, as there appear to be different emphases than revealed in an American study (Stevens, 1994), which identified an emphasis in the US codes upon introverted organisational issues and a failure to espouse deontological values⁵.The conclusion is that designing a research programme on business values in Hong Kong requires reference to studies of values in cross-cultural psychology generally and to Hofstede's work in particular. It also supports the need for indigenous research and models in this field which avoid the ethnocentrism inherent in much Western theory and research.     

A chain game for distributed trading and negotiation

This position paper introduces a simulation gaming environment for enacting a production network. The environment aims to be an integrative laboratory for investigating supply networks, as well as being a versatile training tool. The primary focus is on food production networks. The environment enables a number of teams of participants, each representing one actor in a food chain, to conduct business together. The teams can have the role of auction, co-operation, wholesaler, factory, retail chain, and retail outlet. Producers and consumers are either enacted or simulated. The game leaders freely determine the products and production methods in each run of the game. The gaming environment takes performance, process and institutional aspects of chains into account. It is particularly suited for investigating issues of sustainability and trust. Currently the gaming environment is under development. The paper presents version 1B. This version can be found at http://www.chaingame.org. It runs on the Web, enabling to model distributed chains.     

A machine-learning approach for a sintering process using a neural network

This paper presents a machine-learning approach using a multi-layered neural network (NN) with application to a sintering process in an iron- and steel-making plant. Our method induces 'operational rules' that determine operational conditions to obtain products that meet a given quality specification. In our application, an operational condition decides the appropriate ranges of chemical composition and heat input to obtain sinter with desirable properties. Our approach consists of two stages. First, backpropagation (BP) training is performed to obtain a NN which decides whether a given condition is appropriate or not. Secondly, from the trained NN, we extract rules which explain what operational conditions are appropriate. In spite of the effective learning capability, a major drawback of a NN is 'unreadability' of the learned knowledge, or the lack of an explanatory capability, which is crucial in the second stage. We developed a rule extraction algorithm which contributes to overcoming this 'unreadability'. The extracted rules are found to agree well with the knowledge in material science.     

Upward contacts in everyday life: Benefits of reaching hierarchical relations in ego-centered networks

Recent studies have inspired inquiries about what circumstances allow people to gain from interactions with those who rank higher than themselves in the social hierarchy. We examine how self-reported benefits of such upward contacts vary by tie strength and network structures in everyday life. Data were drawn from contact diaries that 137 individuals recorded over seven months in 2014; these diaries captured unique features of 94,353 one-on-one contacts that 137 diary keepers made, along with the estimated tie strength and the extent of embeddedness among network members. Multilevel models with interaction terms show that diary keepers benefit from contacts with people who play higher hierarchical roles and that the benefits become more substantial when the higher-ranked others are weakly tied to the diary keepers and connected with fewer fellow network members. The paper extends contact diary studies to estimate alter-alter ties that help construct comprehensive structures in egocentric networks.     

Group Work and Social Justice: Designing Pedagogy for Social Change

In this article the authors explore the gap between education and action in putting the social work core value of social justice into practice. Describing how their School of Social Work has taken up this challenge, the authors analyze how a new social action course helps bridge this gap and draw on student reflection on their experiences and assignments in the course to show how students concretize and interiorize the meaning of social action and social justice. Learning by doing social action through a case study, group work becomes the vehicle through which students act on social issues and work for social change.     

西部可持续开发的道德规范

西部地区要抓住机遇 ,迎接挑战 ,必须以生态伦理规范人们的开发行为 ,坚持发展的可持续性、协调性和公平性。这是由西部大开发的内在要求和西部地区的区情与地理位置决定的。生态伦理、可持续发展和西部大开发是密不可分的内在的有机统一     

《诗经·国风》女性审美特征探析

《诗经.国风》中的女性形象多姿多彩,风采各异,有极高的审美价值。从这一特殊的审美对象出发,可窥见周人的审美意识中并没有使美的事物真正成为一个单纯的审美客体,而是渗透多方面的因素,探析《诗经》女性美的审美特征,具有功利性和伦理道德性。     

大学生工程技术伦理教育的现状及对策分析——以东华理工大学为例

自卓越计划实施以来,关于大学生的工程伦理教育引起了广泛的关注,尤其在学术界展开了广泛的讨论。以东华理工大学工程伦理教学实践的实际,展开调查分析研究,针对目前工程技术伦理教育中出现的问题,深入探讨其内在原因,并结合教学实际提出相应的对策方案,指出当代大学生的工程伦理教育需要社会、学校及个体三方共同努力。