走出中日关系的困境——兼论对日新思维

中日关系面临建交以来的严峻考验,而地缘政治和不断加深的双边经贸往来,迫切需要新思路来破解"政冷经热"的局面。"对日新思维"虽然进行了一些积极探索,但没有给出具有说服力的、切实可行的策略。应当根据日本国民对于历史的不同认识,针对不同群体采取不同措施,加强信息沟通以摆脱目前中日互动的"囚徒困境"。     

The Roles of Group Membership, Beliefs, and Norms in Ecological Risk Perception

Variability in ecological risk perceptions was investigated by surveying members of four stakeholder groups commonly involved in environmental policy debates. Fifty-six individuals from government, industry, environmental, and general-public groups completed a risk-perception survey in which they evaluated 34 environmental hazards on 17 attributes and also evaluated the riskiness and acceptability of each hazard. In addition, participants reported their environmental beliefs and norms using Dunlap et al.'s revised New Ecological Paradigm Scale and modified versions of Schwartz's Awareness of Consequences and Personal Norms Scales. Group membership was predictive of participants' scores on the belief and norm scales. Factor analysis of attribute ratings (averaged across participants) revealed the anticipated three oblique factors: ecological impacts, scientific understanding, and aesthetic impacts. Factor patterns were very similar for the four stakeholder groups. Factors from the aggregate analysis were predictive of individuals' riskiness judgments, but these relationships were moderated by participants' group membership, beliefs, and norms. Compared to members of other groups, members of the general public placed less emphasis on ecological impacts and more emphasis on the other two factors when judging the ecological riskiness of hazards. To our knowledge, these results represent the first formal tests of interactions between hazard characteristics and participant characteristics in determining riskiness judgments, and illustrate how traditional psychometric analyses can be successfully coupled with individual-difference measures to improve the understanding of risk perception.     

Communicating new product development openness – The impact on consumer perceptions and intentions

This article explores how firms can foster positive consumer inferences by communicating their new product development (NPD) openness. In particular, it analyzes inferences about a firm’s customer orientation, ability to develop high-quality products and innovativeness. Previous research has focused on examining inferences derived from cues about consumer contributions to the external design of products. This article extends current knowledge (i) by analyzing inferential processes when customer participation goes beyond external product design and affects functionality and (ii) by considering other forms of openness, namely expert contributions to NPD. The results of two experiments show that, in general, customer participation in NPD effectively triggers customer orientation inferences, while expert participation leads to inferences about a firm’s ability to develop high-quality products only in specific settings. Finally, counter to previous research, communicating external participation does not seem to be an effective cue to infer innovativeness for functional product contributions.     

社区社会工作者队伍建设现状、问题及对策

当前社区社会工作者队伍建设总体结构有所改善、工作水平有所提高、工作者的社会价值感有所增强,但同时也存在工作者队伍不稳定、职责定位不明确、专业化程度不高、职业培训制度不健全等问题。围绕这些问题,需要从健全激励机制、明确职责、完善志愿者队伍建设、健全教育培训机制等多个着力点推进社区社会工作者队伍建设。     

Balancing Efficiency and Legitimacy: Institutional Changes and Rural Health Organization in China

The aim of this article is to contribute to the understanding of the institutional arrangements within which China's rural health facilities are embedded and of the contribution of policy to the creation of these arrangements. Information collected through field observations and in‐depth interviews with the managers, staff and patients of a township health centre indicates that with the gradual evolution of markets, encouraged by state policies, health care in rural China took on more of the characteristics of a commodity. In order to adapt to this change, the health centre and its employees are adjusting their behavioural norms and reconstructing an institutional network within which daily activities of simultaneously fulfilling public health responsibilities and pursuing economic gain are legitimized. This article focuses on the interwoven relationship between politics and markets at the micro level and examines the negotiations between stakeholders in constructing new institutional arrangements. It also describes how health sector managers are creating regulations to influence the performance of their facility. The article argues that while government policies play a crucial role in shaping the direction of development, institutional arrangements strongly influence the attempts by rural health organizations to implement them. It concludes that it is critical to take institutional factors into account in analyzing China's rural health‐care reforms.     

在事实性与有效性之间——论哈贝马斯对新分析法学和新自然法学思想的超越

在哈贝马斯看来,法律是事实性与有效性的统一,其对二者关系的分析对于重新审视新分析法学与新自然法学的分歧提供了新的理论视角。新分析法学仅专注于法律事实性,而新自然法学则过于强调法律有效性,因而使各自理论在一定程度上陷于困境。哈贝马斯以交往行动理论为基础的程序主义法律观试图弥合以往法学理论对法律的事实性与有效性的分裂,是对新分析法学和新自然法学思想的超越。     

领导艺术的典范——刘少奇与苏北根据地的创建和巩固

1938年刘少奇被任命为中共中央中原局书记，此后，在开创华中新局面的过程中，刘少奇通过巩固皖东根据地，推动八路军南下和江南新四军北上，在黄桥沉重打击了韩德勤顽固派势力，最终开辟了苏北根据地，并通过各种有效措施巩固了苏北根据地。在苏北根据地的开创和发展巩固过程中，刘少奇表现了其杰出的领导才能，发挥了重要作用。     

新时代大学生就业问题探究

本文探讨了新时代大学生就业存在的问题,如诚信缺失,专业与职业认识不清,学校生活与职场衔接不畅,地域差异与眼高手低的问题;分析了学生就业的影响因素,如区域经济、地方人才需求、学生家庭情况、城乡差别、学历层次;提出了学生就业问题的解决办法,如当地政府就业服务政策,提升高校就业服务水平,充分运用数字互联网技术,建立健全学生实习与见习基地,加强立德树人理念与心理引导。     

在解构中重建——转型期文学话题:道德论

社会转型期,一切旧的观念、秩序、原则因发生变异而解构,以致造成一种文化陆沉与迷失现象,这是文学危机信号.本文从当前商业主义对文学道德观念的影响并产生滑坡这一问题出发,从市场经济、文化背景、价值演变、文学转型、审美流变等角度,对转型期文学价值内涵、道德观念、思想信仰、审美追求变化的原因表现出一种理性思考,进而提出,在世纪之交的关口,文学理应建立一种全面面向新世纪的新的思想价值体系和道德规范.破毁与解构并不可怕,重要的是重建.只有渗透了丰富的历史文化内涵的人文精神被熔进创作,进而又与当代中国社会主义文艺总的价值原则结合起来,才能在现实的高度、历史的深度和审美的力度上重建精神,完成道德建构.     

Cocoa Pod Borer (Conopomorpha cramerella Snellen) in Papua New Guinea: Biosecurity Models for New Ireland and the Autonomous Region of Bougainville

Cocoa Pod Borer (Conopomorpha cramerella Snellen) (CPB) is an important pest of cocoa. Following its emergence as a pest in East New Britain, Papua New Guinea, in 2006, it was considered relevant to assess its potential spread to other cocoa growing regions. Its likelihood of introduction to the islands of Bougainville and New Ireland from East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea, was modeled using Monte Carlo simulation. This dispersal model was based around different scenarios, identifying trends rather than explicitly attempting to encapsulate true values. The model suggested that CPB is far more likely to establish on New Ireland than on Bougainville. More important, incertitude resulting from incomplete knowledge of the amount and frequency of cocoa transported between islands had a significant effect on model outputs. Quarantine and agriculture officials will be able to refine these parameter values, and then use the relevant scenarios from those presented here as a guide to develop quarantine procedures. In addition, a contingency model was employed to estimate the optimal sampling effort to use following an incursion of CPB into Bougainville or New Ireland and the seemingly successful implementation of an initial eradication program. The model suggests that at a 1% infestation level, sampling should continue for 2.5–2.7 years (90% CI) after claiming eradication, and this estimate changed little for higher infestation levels. Through modeling variations in sampling intensity, the model also suggested that determining the full spread of CPB is more important than increased sampling within one region.