More (new) products,more problems? A systems perspective on increased capability deployment and organizational errors

The capabilities-based view postulates that organizational capabilities are a key driver of competitive advantage. However, while increasing the pace of deploying organizational capabilities, such as new product development (NPD), may enable alignment with changing environments, it may also have unintended consequences. In this study, we advance theory on these unintended consequences by investigating how the increased deployment of NPD capability leads to organizational errors. Borrowing from organizational research employing systems theory, we argue that an increase in NPD deployment may increase the likelihood of routine discoordination and, thus, the incidence of intra-firm and interfirm errors. However, we also proffer that firms can mitigate errors from increases in NPD capability deployment by engaging in distinct internal and external activities that enable the accumulation of knowledge on how to coordinate systemic change. We distinguish between internal and external errors, demonstrating that in the context of increased NPD deployments, internal voluntary investigations ameliorate internal manufacturing errors, while supplier alliances mitigate outsourced component errors. We find support for our predictions using data from new product introductions and recalls in the U.S. automotive industry. This study sheds light on the tension inherent to accelerating the deployment of patterned organizational activities and suggests that the outcomes of deploying an organizational capability are best viewed holistically within the milieu of organizational systems the capability spans.     

新中国成立初期干部理论教育制度化建设及经验探析

中国共产党重视干部理论教育,也注重干部理论教育的制度化建设。1949—1956年中国共产党既继承过去干部理论教育制度化建设的做法,又根据新形势、新情况进一步加强干部理论教育建设,完善干部理论教育制度。不断规范干部理论教育的组织体系、教育内容、教育方式、师资培养和考核等,使干部理论教育制度建设不断科学化、规范化,干部的素质和能力得到了较大的提高,为新生政权的巩固和发展起到了重要的作用。这一时期的干部理论教育制度化建设也形成了诸多基本经验,对新时代干部理论教育制度化建设有重要的启示作用。     

要素禀赋、农户分化与农业价值链技术选择偏向

基于551份猕猴桃种植户调研数据,通过聚类分析方法将猕猴桃种植户分成发展型、规模种植型、劳动力富裕型三类,实证检验种植户类型对有机肥施用、新品种采纳、猕猴桃网络销售三个价值链技术活动选择的异质偏向性,分析农机补贴、产业组织检测、技术培训三个组织支持变量的调节效应。结果发现：发展型对于三个价值链技术活动及其联合采纳的选择偏向性高于其他类型,劳动力富裕型种植户对价值链技术活动的选择偏向性低于其他两个类型种植户。三个组织支持变量对同一类型种植户参与不同价值链技术活动以及不同类型种植户参与同一价值链技术活动的影响具有异质性。因此,针对不同类型价值链技术活动参与特征以及组织支持调节作用提出相应的政策建议。     

Differences in white-nonwhite community mental health center service utilization patterns

Routinely collected computerized data were used to study the process of service delivery in terms of admission patterns, type and quantity of services rendered, and status at termination for whites and nonwhites in two community mental health centers. Social area analysis techniques were employed to control for socio-economic status, ethnicity and life style variables, and an epidemiologic model was used to analyze admission and service delivery rate differences. It was found that nonwhite admission rates were at least twice as great as white rates. Service delivery rates to the population at large were considerably greater for nonwhites than for whites. Delivery of direct services within the centers differed for whites and nonwhites, but no consistent trends emerged when types and amounts of services rendered were analyzed, controlling for sex, ethnicity, age, diagnosis and social area. Disruption of care indices were greater for nonwhites than for whites. Highlighted were some of the complexities involved in interpreting results of utilization studies.     

Network analysis in evaluation: some words of caution

Network analysis, a methodology derived from general systems' theory, can be utilized as a community mental health administrative-evaluation procedure. Evaluation parameters derived from analysis of patient data as they “flow” through a network of agency services, provide measures of systemic functioning. These parameters include “longest paths” and various ratio relationships as evaluation measures of service delivery. The limitations of network analysis are examined by means of conceptual analyses, and phenomena that emerged from research experience. The necessity for both quantitative and qualitative data to ensure a meaningful evaluation of mental health services is explained. Conclusions about the value of the network analysis approach are considered.     

Task partitioning in new product development teams: A knowledge and learning perspective

R&D alliances and outsourcing elements of the new product development process are now commonplace practices among many firms. However, little previous work has examined how these organizational choices influence project knowledge and learning. Based on a comparison of three new product development projects in the software industry, this paper examines how task partitioning in the project influences learning and knowledge development within the firm. The paper suggests that internal development projects encourage synthetic learning and development of architectural and tacit knowledge; in contrast, outsourcing and joint ventures encourage analytic learning and development of component and explicit knowledge.     

"五四"新文学运动前二十年文学理论批评文体的演进

文学理论批评文体是文学理论批评形式特征的总和。中国古代文论文体有其鲜明的特色 ,但也有明显的局限性。至近代 ,尤其是五四新文学运动前二十年 ,文学理论批评文体发生了巨大的变化。其变革的方向 ,总的来说是向现代文学理论批评文体演进。具体来看 ,体式向多样化、大容量发展 ;篇章结构趋向完整精致 ;语言文字趋向通俗浅显 ;对西方文体从模仿趋向融会贯通 ;文体的外在形式向规范化发展     

新产品市场扩展的宏观技术经济特征:──日、美化工、电气产品的实证研究

本文通过实证研究,揭示发达国家新产品的市场扩展过程。发现新产品伴随一系列技术创新而成长,继而推动相关工业的发展；新产品市场扩展遵循Logistic扩展规律,扩展参数呈现不同的行业分布；虽然经济危机对其产生严重阻扰影响,但新产品扩展具有顽强的规律回复功能。     

习近平治国理政的哲学方法论探略

党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央立足当代中国、把握世界大势,提出了一系列治国理政的新理念新思想新战略,有力推动中国特色社会主义进入新时代,形成了习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想。习近平总书记高度重视学习和掌握辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义,将其视为中国共产党人的“看家本领”。马克思主义哲学为习近平治国理政提供了总的方法论遵循。辩证唯物主义特别是其中的实事求是的实践观、事物联系发展的观点、具体问题具体分析的矛盾观提供了思维方法的总依据;历史唯物主义关于人民主体地位的思想和群众路线群众观点则贯穿于其治国理政全过程,彰显着中国共产党的价值自觉、理论自觉与实践自觉,奠定了习近平治国理政新理念新思想新战略的整个基石。     

居延新简释文补遗

目前公布的居延新简释文仍有未安之处,需进一步校订。其中E.P.T16:3简应改作“月壬戌以前,自殊死以下”;E.P.T40:64简应改作“大聚土,占客在门,所为来者言”;E.P.T43:175简应改作“□以取妇、嫁女、祠祀、远行、入官、迁徙”;E.P.T43:306简应改作“更始元年正月壬午朔己酉,令史业敢言之：乃戊申直符,谨行视,臧内户封皆完,毋盗贼发者,即日平旦付令史严。敢言之”;E.P.T43:325简应改作“造史为官署掌”;E.P.T2:30简应改作“造令史上造范护自占书功劳……官造令史二月二十日”。