试论布莱尔时期英国工党的新女性政策

"妇女大臣"与"全女性决选名单"是布莱尔时期英国工党新女性政策的两大基石。该政策的实施既是工党对其长期在野的反思、对社会变迁的动态适应,还受到现实因素的刺激。其影响之大,冲破了政党的界限,成为英国三大党的共识。政策本身虽然有许多不完备之处,但仍然可被视作英国女性进入权力核心的开端。     

纽约州政府促进高校和企业合作的路径与启示

纽约州的校企合作有较好的传统,但也存在着一些问题。纽约州政府通过成立"专门小组委员会"、设立"创新咨询委员会"、建立相关的研究机构、招聘优秀人才、优先考虑校企合作项目的申请、重点建设一些领域和学科、收集和出版相关信息等举措,促进了纽约州的校企合作。高校和企业的合作是高等教育为大都市经济社会发展服务的一个重要方面,纽约州政府的这些举措,能给我国大城市提供一些启示。     

Self‐reported proficiency in Māori language among those of Māori descent in New Zealand

Abstract

In a national survey in New Zealand (N = 12 992), participants of Māori descent (N = 2936) reported their proficiency in speaking, reading, and writing Māori and in understanding spoken Māori. Only 6–10% reported that they could cope “very well” in these areas while 36–52% reported their proficiency as “no more than a few words or phrases”. There was no evidence of subgroups of Māori with divergent proficiency across oral language or literacy. Six latent classes were fitted but these appeared to lie along a continuum, and analysis employing item response theory (IRT) and factor analysis confirmed this. A simple sum of scores across the four areas correlated very highly with the IRT factor score (r = 0.97). High proficiency was more common among older Māori and females, in the Midland region (lowest in the South), and for those with sole‐Māori ethnicity, followed by multi‐ethnic Māori (seldom seen in those of Māori descent but not ethnicity).     

印度产业升级的路径依赖和路径创新——一基于新制度经济学视角的探讨

产业升级是一个国家经济持续增长的必经之路，实质上也是一个制度变迁的过程。按照新制度经济学的观点，建立在自然资源禀赋、技术、制度、环境等因素基础上的路径依赖已经将印度锁定在“逆工业化”这条路径上。要想破除锁定，实现产业升级，就必须分析印度产业结构中产生路径依赖的各种因素，比如报酬递增、利益集团、初设成本、学习效应、协调效应、适应性预期、思想观念等，实现路径创新，增加经济发展的内源动力，实现国民经济可持续增长的目的。这一思路对中国的产业升级也具有启示作用。     

International Migration and Religious Participation: The Mediating Impact of Individual and Contextual Effects1

Supported by previous empirical work, theory from sociology of religion and migration provide testable hypotheses in predicting changes in immigrant religious participation surrounding the migratory event. Due to data constraints, however, these hypotheses have escaped broad‐based analysis. Using the New Immigrant Survey (NIS), religious participation from pre‐ to postmigration time periods is found to decrease among recent immigrants to the United States. Individual‐level characteristics (i.e., gender, familial conditions, employment) do not substantially explain this decline; alternatively, contextual‐level factors (i.e., religious pluralism and religious concentration) partially mediate this drop in immigrant religiosity.     

毛泽东对中国社会主义现代化的开拓和奠基

毛泽东是中国社会主义现代化的开拓者和奠基者。他在长期领导中国革命和建设中对中国社会主义现代化事业作出了不可磨灭的伟大贡献。这些贡献突出地表现在五个方面：1．总结近代以来无数仁人志士救国救民的教训，得出“走俄国人的路”的结论；2．领导新民主主义革命取得胜利，为中国的社会主义现代化奠定根本前提；3．领导社会主义革命取得成功，为中国社会主义现代化奠定制度基础；4．对中国现代化的战略目标和战略步骤作出总体安排，指明前进方向；5．艰辛探索适合中国情况的社会主义建设道路，为中国特色社会主义道路和理论的形成作了孕育和准备。     

MAPPING CULTURAL/POLITICAL DEBATES IN LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES

The theorization of postmodernism as the cultural logic of late capitalism has generated a number of debates among Latinos in the US and among Latin American critics in particular. This article examines a number of writings published between 1989 and 1994 by Latin American critics focusing on the viability of seeing Latin America as postmodern. We argue that in the rush to accept First World theoretical frameworks, there has been much confusion and a collapsing of economic, political and cultural categories. Conflating market growth and shifts with social change and the availability of a plurality of consumer goods with the distribution of goods and services, some critics have been quick to label cultural production in Latin America as ‘postmodern’. What is needed is a delimitation of the categories used, an examination of the cultural debate in relation to other debates on development, social movements, democratization and alliance politics, as well as an examination of local intellectual debates within the global context of restructuring and transnational capital.     

中美纽约渠道的建立与作用——以尼克松时期的美国国家安全档案为依据

自1969年开始，长期处于敌对状态的中美关系开始解冻。为了增进互信、实现中美关系正常化，中美两国都有意在两国之一建立一条直接联系渠道，以利于彼此的交流。但由于双方先后在建立新渠道的地点、人选问题上未能达成一致，建立新渠道的过程一波三折。后来在客观条件成熟的情况下，新渠道得以建立，这就是纽约渠道。纽约渠道的建立对中美关系的进一步缓和与发展具有特殊的意义。它为中美两国进行及时有效的直接接触创造了条件，进而使两国在众多重要的国际和双边问题上进行了卓有成效的沟通，促进了双方的谅解与合作。而双方的谅解与合作又反过来推动了两国互信的加深，为其后的中美战略合作奠定了基础。     

双弹性牛仔布织造工艺探讨

本文介绍了双弹性牛仔布的织造工艺流程,并对其技术攻关采取的措施加以总结。     

“民主”还是“民主主义”?——九十年来中国“民主”观念形成的理论逻辑与历史逻辑

九十年前,自德先生、赛先生进入中国以后,民主与科学一直是中国知识分子理解现代性的主要标志。但正如一些研究者所指出的那样,由此所导致的唯科学主义也深刻地制约了中国现代思想的开展;实际上,以客观、透明、形式化的科学观念形成的民主主义观念,更左右了中国政治的现代性道路。民主主义理论在现代的兴起,除了古典共和主义衰落的背景,卢梭的《社会契约论》是一个关键。然而,人们往往只注意《社会契约论》中人民主权原则,而置公民宗教原则于不顾,这在晚清以来中国民主观念的形成过程中同样如此。五四期间,这一逻辑在康有为、陈独秀之间有关宪政、民主与孔教为中心的辩论中达到高潮:民主仅仅成为与民选总统、议会等与专制对立的政治议题,而完全抑制和取消了它所包含的注重权利平衡以及公民德性养成的共和观念。